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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures

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2
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by false perception of body appearance that leads to refusal to maintain normal body weight

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3
Q

Antiemetic

A

Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

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4
Q

Aphthous ulcers

A

Gray white pits with a red border in the soft tissue lining of the mouth

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5
Q

Ascites

A

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity

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6
Q

Bariatrics

A

Branch of medication for prevention and control of obesity and associated diseases

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7
Q

Borborygmus

A

Rumbling noise caused by movement of gas in the intestine

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8
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors such as self-induced vomiting

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9
Q

Cachexia

A

Physical wasting away due to loss in weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

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10
Q

Cheilosis

A

disorder of the lips characterized by crack like sores at corners of the mouth

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11
Q

Cholangiography

A

Radiographic examination of bile ducts with use of a contrast medium

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12
Q

Cholangitis

A

An acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper right quadrant of the abdomen fever jaundice

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13
Q

Cholecysectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

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14
Q

Cholecytitis

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder that is usually associated with gallstones

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15
Q

Choledocholithotomy

A

Incision in the common bile duct for removal of gallstones

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16
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Presence of gallstones in gallbladder or bile ducts

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17
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic degenerative disease of liver characterized by scarring

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18
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Direct visual examination of inner surface of colon from rectum to cecum

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19
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in digestive tract

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20
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of one or more diverticula in the wall of colon

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21
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula in the wall of the colon

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22
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Pain or discomfort in digestion

23
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

24
Q

Emesis

A

Reflex ejection of stomach contents outward through mouth

25
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of small intestines caused by eating or drinking substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens

26
Q

Eructation

A

The act of belching or raising gas orally from stomach

27
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Enlarged and swollen veins at lower end of esophagus

28
Q

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of upper G.I. Tract

29
Q

Gastroduodenostomy

A

Establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and duodenum

30
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

A

Upward flow of acid from stomach into esophagus

31
Q

Gastrostomy tube

A

Surgically placed feeding tube from exterior of body directly into stomach

32
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting of blood

33
Q

Hemoccult test

A

Laboratory test for hidden blood in stools

34
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver

35
Q

Herpes labialis

A

Blister like sores on lips caused by HSV-1

36
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Protrusion of part of stomach through an opening in the diaphragm

37
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Extreme persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

38
Q

Ileus

A

Partial/complete blockage of small and/or large intestine

39
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Protrusion of small loop of bowel through weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

40
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow discoloration of skin mucous membranes and eyes

41
Q

Melena

A

Passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools

42
Q

Morbid obesity

A

Condition of weighing two or more times the ideal weight or having a body mass index greater than 40

43
Q

Nasogastric intubation

A

Placement of a tube through the nose into stomach

44
Q

Proctopexy

A

Surgical fixation of a prolapsed rectum to an adjacent tissue or organ

45
Q

Obesity

A

Excessive accumulation of fat in the body

46
Q

Regurgitation

A

Return of solid food into the mouth

47
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Infectious disease transmitted by feces either through direct contact or by eating raw/undercooked food

48
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

Endoscopic examination of interior of rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly portion of descending colon

49
Q

Trismus

A

Any restriction to the opening of the mouth, caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with treatment of oral cancer

50
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

51
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of the Intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

52
Q

Xerostomia

A

Lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by salivary glands

53
Q

Aerophagia

A

Excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking

Medical Terminology (23 decks)

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