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Farm Camp > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

Botulism

A

Etiological agent: Clostridium botulinum toxin

Paralysis of cranial nerves - creeping paralysis that begins at the head and moves caudally

supportive treatment no prevention, no zoonosis

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2
Q

Canker

A

Fusobacterium Necrophorum

Chronic hypertrophic, moist pododermatitis - frog is very friable and has cottage cheese like appearance

debridement and topical antimicrobial agents

prevent by keeping the environment dry

not zoonotic

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3
Q

Lyme Dz

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

  • signs: Low-grade pyrexia, depression, lameness, loss of appetite, joint swelling
  • dx: ELISA or IFA
  • tx: IV tetracycline and oral doxycycline
  • prev: insecticides, vaccinations, Antimicrobial if known-exposure to ixodes
  • ZOONOTIC
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4
Q

Potomac Horse Fever

A
  • Etiological agent: Neorickettsia risticii ( Horse infected by eating one of the flies, which is an intermediate carrier)
  • signs: depression, diarrhea, fever, toxemia, abortion, laminitis
  • dx: PCR
  • tx: oxytetracycline, fluid tx, NSAIDs
  • ZOONOTIC
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5
Q

Rain Rot

A

Dermatophilus congolensis
-crusty scabs or matted tufts of hair with yellow to green pus under larger scabs
DX: isolation of causative agent
TX: antimicrobial therapy

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6
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella spp.
Signs: carrier, mild clinical, or acute clinical
mild clinical: depressed, anorexia, depression, and watery diarrhea
acute: foul-smelling diarrhea, abdominal pain, depression, anorexia, and pronounced neutropenia

DX: clinical signs, neutropenia, and fecal cultures
TX: IV fluids, electrolytes, plasma
ZOONOTIC

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7
Q

if streptococcus abscesses spread thru body, what’s it called

A

Metastatic or bastard strangles

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8
Q

Strangles

A

Streptococcus equi
C/s: pyrexia, mucopurulent nasal discharge, difficult swallowing, abscessation
DX: bacterial cultures from the nasal swabs, PCR, Serology, signs
TX: supportive care, penicillin
Prev: vaccine
High morbidity, low mortality

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9
Q

Tetanus

A

Clostridium tetani

Signs: entrance through puncture wounds - incubation. 1 to 60 days
Puncture wounds that contain rusty metal, dirt, or manure are particularly likely

Generalized stiffness, sawhorse appearance

TX: quiet dark area, water high in stall, tetanus antitoxin, sedatives, muscle relaxants
50% mortality

Feed and water should be placed high so that the horses don’t have to lower their heads to eat and drink

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10
Q

Thrush

A

Fusobacterium Necrophorum
signs: characteristic odor, black discharge, lameness
DX: clinical signs
TX: clean away affected area

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11
Q

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis

A

Sarcocystis neurona or neospora hughesi

Signs: asymmetrical muscle atrophy (quads and gluteal), CN damage➡️tongue atrophy, recumbency
Dx: necropsy
Tx: antiprotozoal drugs, NSAIDs, vitamin E

Prev: reduce opossum (definitive host)access to horse feeds and pastures

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12
Q

Piroplasmosis

A

Protozoa babesia equi, babesia caballi (tick borne)

Thirst,eye problems, anemia, pyrexia, depression
Dx: blood smears, IFA, PCR
TX: imidocarb dipropionate &/or tetracyclines
Prev: movement restriction, tick feeding prevention

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13
Q

Dermatophytosis

A

Trichophyton equinum

Small round lesions covered with small scales
Dx: wood lamp, culture, or histopath
Tx: povidone iodine, thiabendazole
Prev: tx environ w diluted bleach

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14
Q

White Line Dz

A

Invasion of bacteria, fungus, or yeast into inner horn
Cheesy material, air pockets. Lameness, sole warm to touch, black foul smelling substance similar to thrush
tx resection of underlying hoof wall and topical application of antiseptic

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15
Q

Encephalomyelitis

A

Equine alphavirus, mosquito vector

Fever, ataxia, anorexia, paralysis, circling, head pressing, hyper excitability
Dx: presumptive until death
Supportive tx
Vaccine prevention

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16
Q

Equine Arteritis

A

Equine arteritis virus

Flu like symptoms, abortion, pneumonia in young horse
Basically respiratory and venereal transmission + signs. Transmission via bodily fluids, aborted fetus, stallion semen can be chronically or acutely affected by virus
Dx: paired serum samples, virus isolation, viral antigen, viral nucleic acid detection
Tx: NSAIDs, diuretics, rest
stallion natural reservoir
stallions that carry equine arteritis virus should be surgically castrated

17
Q

Equine Infectious Anemia

A

Equine lentivirus of retroviridae family

Fever, lethargy,anorexic, anemic, thrombocytopenia

Dx: AGID, Vira-CHECK ELISA-

No tx, euthanasia or quarantine

reportable dz

18
Q

Equine Influenza

A

Orthomyxoviridae

Pyrexia, anorexia, wt loss, mucopurulent nasal discharge, tachypnea
Dx: virus isolation, immunoassay, PCR, ab titers
Tx: NSAIDs, supportive
Vaccine prevention
equine influenza A often affects horses that intermingle with other horses, as at rodeos and horse shows

19
Q

Rabies

A

Rhabdovirus

enters horse body via saliva of infected animal
Progressive dz lameness, ataxia, cranial nerve, loss of bladder control
Dx: histology
Vaccine prevention, no cure. Fatal
ZOONOTIC

20
Q

Rhinopneumonitis

A

Equine herpesvirus type 1 and 4

Mucopurulent discharge, lymphadenopathy, coughing, abortion

Dx: PCR, postmortem

Tax: isolate infected horses, supportive care

horses with respiratory form of equine herpes infection should be isolated because they’re contagious

21
Q

Vesicular stomatitis

A

Rhabdoviridae - black fly, sand fly, mosquito, house fly

Pyrexia, excessive salivation. White vesicles on oral mucosa, coronary band, prepuce, muzzle, udder
Dx: ab detection, viral genetic material detection, viral isolation
Limited tx, horses recover 7-14 days

22
Q

West Nile Virus

A

Faviviridae, Mosquitos

Low-grade fever, depression, colic, personality change, coma, paralysis
Dx: IgM-capture, MAC-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of serum or CSF, PRNT of serum or viral isolation and PCR brain tissue
Vaccine prev
Supportive tx

23
Q

Cutaneous papillomas

A

Equus caballus papillomavirus type 1 can be spread by fomite

Warts around the lips and muzzles of horses but can appear on eyelids, prepuce, inner thighs, and distal lambs

most disappeared spontaneously prevent with vaccines

24
Q

recurrent airway obstruction

A

Allergic or respiratory disease

chronic cough nasal discharge respiratory difficulty
diagnosed based on history and PE findings
Tx: reduce allergen exposure, bronchodilators, levamisole
prevent and control by reducing dust

25
Q

Cushing’s

A

Cortisol excess

signs: PUPD, long thick curly hair coats, not shedding, laminitis, loss of muscle tone over back
DX: ACTH test
TX:cyproheptadine or pergolide mesylate

26
Q

Exertional myopathies (tying UP, azoturia)

A

Caused by exercise
Signs: cramping fatigue and muscle pain.
2 types so sporadic and chronic exertional rhapbdomyolysis
DX: increased CK or AST levels
TX: feeding the diet of forage at 1.5-2% of body weight

27
Q

Recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis

A

Signs: muscle stiffness, sweating and refusal to move
Necrosis of striated skeletal muscle is especially associated with exercise
TX: try to reduce anxiety, regular exercise, turn out or use of hot walker, dantrolene or phenytoin
Common thoroughbred, arabian, standardbred

28
Q

Laminitis

A

Inflammation of sensitive laminae of the foot. Thought to be a transient ischemic associate w. coagulopathy that leads to break down and degeneration of the union between horny and sensitive laminae
Depression, anorexia, reluctant to stand
Dx: hx (grain overload), posture, inc hoof temp, hard pulse digital aa, reluctant to move
Tx: anti inflammatories, nerve blocks
Prevent by decrease concussion ?

29
Q

Navicular Dz

A

Chronic degenerative condition of the navicular bursa and navicular bone

lameness short, choppy stride pointing of the toe
DX: clinical diagnosis, radiographic changes, diagnostic nerve blocks
TX: anti-inflammatories, nerve blocks
prevention: decreased concussion

30
Q

Laryngeal hemiplegia

A

Progressive loss of fibers of recurrent laryngeal nerve
Inspiratory noise during exercise and exercise intolerance
Dx endoscopy
Tx prosthetic laryngoplasty can stabilize affected side of larynx during inspiration and prevent dynamic collapse of the airway during exercise. Laryngeal ventriculectomy may improve airflow and reduce roaring sound during exercise

31
Q

High protein diets and some medications can cause what

Insufficient iodine consumption or goitrogen consumption during pregnancy can lead to
Most common location of lameness and large animals

A

Hypothyroidism

Congenital hypothyroidism and goiter

Front limb with the exception of standardbreds

Farm Camp (12 decks)

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