Chapter 12

Question 1

decision to perform sx

casting

most cow procedures performed in

Answer 1

often based on value of animal

sometimes used in ruminants; is a combination of heavy sedation with forced recumbency. Often used to tx limb and feet conditions

standing position (sed/tranq + local or regional anesth). often used for traumatic injury repairs like lacs or punctures

Question 2

preanesth fasting ruminants

local pain control

L block

Cornual nerve block

Answer 2

withhold food 12-14h if indicated, water withheld up to 6h prior

Lidocaine,mepividicaine, or buprivicaine. 13 mg/kg toxic

up to 100 cc of 2%

Used for desensitization of the horn and horn base for dehorning surgery

Question 3

Bier block

caudal epidural

Answer 3

IV regional anesth; NEVER standing - cast animal. tourniquet mid carpus/tarsus, inject lido in any superficial vein. tisssue necrosis after 2h

1st intercoccygeal space; lido and or mepivicaine +/- xylazine. lasts an hour or two. indwelling epidural cath poss if need 4 longer pd of time

Question 4

what are the equipment needs for intubation?

name four anesth risks in ruminants

how to minimize these?

Answer 4

-Regurgitation
-Bloat
-Hypoventilation
-Compartment Syndrome
__________________
-Food withrawal for 12 hours
-Cuffed endotracheal tube
-Don’t roll unless cuffed tube in place
-Proper patient positioning and padding during general anesthesia

Question 5

xylazine

antichol

inhalants

thiobarbiturates

Answer 5

Clinical effects, bloat, bradycardia, hypoventilation, hyperglycemia, uterine contractions
Moves unchanged into milk- may effect newborns

don’t decrease saliva prod in ruminants

if

Question 6

ketamine

guaifenesin

triple dip

Answer 6

Used in combination with a sedative such as xylazine or acepramozine

muscle relaxant. combined with thiobarbiturates, xylazine, or ketamine for induction and maintenance

Ruminant triple-drip (keta/gua/xyla) combinations are different from equine triple-drip combinations, and the two should never be substituted for each other. ruminants more sensitive to xyla, can eliminate it and do a safer double dip

Question 7

Telazol/Propofol

ET intub via direct visualization and palp

what are the most commonly encountered anesth complications.

Answer 7

Can be used in calves and small ruminants. (tiletamine-zolazepam). Propofol can be used in calves- a single dose produces approximately 10 minutes of surgical anesthesia

direct in calves with laryngoscope and stylet. palp
only suitable in adult; depress epiglottis while passing ET tube thru

hypotension, hypoventilation, and bradycardia

Question 8

central eye pos + dilated pupils

anesth RR and HR

BP monitoring

Answer 8

excessive anesth, take action

20-40, 60-120

Indirect- coccygeal artery
Direct- median auricular artery
MAP- 70 mmHg; if less than 60 = hypotension

Question 9

bloat equipment

most commonly performed sx procedure, three complications

Cornuectomy

Answer 9

oral speculum, stomach tube, rumen trocar, and
skin prepping materials

• castration most commonly done at time of weaning, 3-4 mo
• hemorrhage, infection, fly strike

dehorning. disbudding via chem or heat cautery or sx removal. sx saws in older animals

Question 10

tail docking

Answer 10

facilitate udder hygiene and improve the comfort and health of milking personnel by reducing getting “swatted with urine and feces soaked tails