Chapter 11

Question 1

most common procedure done in bovines

name common tapping sites

why should you only use milk veins if no other veins are available?

Answer 1

collection of blood (clean site with 70% isopropyl alcohol)

jugular vein
coccygeal vein (*if aa entered apply digital pressure 45-60 sec*)

prone to prolonged bleeding and large hematoma formation

Question 2

arterial blood sampling

rumen fluid collection

urine collection

Answer 2

brachial, femoral, or auricular aa

orogastric or thru lower left abdominal wall (rumenocentesis)

voided or bladder cath via urethra
cysto poss in calves but rarely used

Question 3

suburethral diverticulum

fecal collection

CSF collection

Answer 3

blind sac extending from ventral aspect of urethra in female ruminants; take care to not wind up here when bladder cath’ing

titillating lol

atlantooccipital space (cisterna magna) or lumbosacral space

Question 4

classic clinical signs of mastitis

drenching

how to confirm proper orogastric tube placement

Answer 4

hard, hot, and often painful quarter

delivery of liquid oral medications directly into oral cavity

palp the tube in the esophagus; if you can’t feel it it’s prob in the trachea and surrounded by cartilage rings. You could also blow in the tube and have some listen by the rumen

Question 5

Parenteral injection

Answer 5

SQ whenever possible instead of IM

IM injections cause injection site lesions which must be trimmed outta meat during processing, reducing profits

No more than 10 ml/IM site in cattle; separate IM sites by @ least 4’’

Preferred IM site: front of shoulder (lateral cervical area) - other areas wold compromise more valuable cuts of meat

Chemical disinfectants in syringes when using live virus prod reduce effectiveness

Question 6

IV injection sites

SQ injections

ID

Answer 6

jug, cephalic, caudal auricular
point needle towards heart

lateral cervical, over thorax caudal to shoulder, axilla, flank fold. anywhere skin can be lifted with fingers. Max 250 cc adults, 50 cc calves

often for dx not tx. small bleb should result. most commonly used for routine tuberculosis testing caudal tail fold and vaginal mucocutaneous border standard tb test sites

Question 7

IV catheterization

most common type of medication given via intramammary infusion

Goal of hoof trimming

Answer 7

• jug preferred* cephalic and caudal auricular also poss
• abx*

provide a flat, level weight bearing surface on both digits of each foot so that the digits bear weight evenly between them

Question 8

Acceptable ruminant euthanasia methods

Answer 8

IV injection of barbituric acid derivatives (toxic tissue residues)

IV injection KCl + gen anesth

penetrating captive bolt - no chem residue, most often used in slaughterhouses

Question 9

conditionally acceptable euthanasia methods

Answer 9

IV chloral hydrate after sedation

gunshot to head

electrocution possibly once unconscious

Question 10

Necropsy

Answer 10

Ruminant necropsy is usually performed with the animal in left lateral recumbency to minimize interference with the rumen, which is located on the left side.

examine reticulum for foreign objects like metal

lumpy kidneys normal in cows :-)