Chapter 22 Flashcards
swine classification
suidae, sus, vittatus
sow boar barrow
intact mature female intact mature male male castrated before puberty
stag males gilt farrowing
castrated after puberty immature female, before birth of first litter parturition
piglet shoat pig
very young and small, generally fr birth to weaning intact male before puberty, sometimes synon with pig young swine
hog Swine TPR
large swine > 120 lb, preferred by commercial swine producer regardless of sz 101-103.5 F, 60-90 bpm, 10-24 breaths/min for newborn: 200-280 bpm and up to 50 breaths/min
American Landrace
mothering ability, large litters
White, long-bodied large ears the lop forward and down.
Berkshire
•Medium size, black with six white points, ears are erect
Chester White
Known for its mothering ability, Maternal breed
Originated in Chester County, PA, White breed, ears droop forward
Duroc
One of most popular breeds in the United States.
New Jersey/New York breed- Red color, ears droop forward, good mothering ability, growth rate and feed conversion.
Hampshire
•The Hampshire has a white belt that includes the forelegs.
•Black with white belt, erect ears, rustling (foraging ability) muscle and carcass leaness.
Hereford
•Missouri, Iowa and nebraska breed. Red with white face. Ears forward and drooping
Poland China
•Ohio, is black with six white points, forward drooping ears. A terminal breed.
spotted swine
- Indiana- Black and white with forward drooping ears. A terminal breed
- Many producers will refer to Spotted Swine as “Spots”
tamworth
Sows are good mothers.
Originated in Ireland. Red with shades varying from light to dark. Ears are erect.
Yorkshire
Maternal.
- Large litters, high feed efficiency, rapid growth, good mothering ability and long carcasses. Maternal breed
- Originating in England
- Ears are erect, face sightly dished
potbellied pigs
identify this pig
breeding info pigs
•No more than 95 pounds and no higher than 18 inches. Typically bed. 50% abandoned or sent to another home in first year of life :(
pietrain pig
polyestrus
swine producer goalz
signs of estrus in swine
when do swine enter estrus
•Swine producers should strive to wean 21 to 22 pigs per sow per year. This equates to weaning 9 or more piglets per litter and trying to keep death losses to less than 10%.
include frequent mounting by other sows, restless activity, swelling of the vulva, discharge from the vulva, frequent urination, decreased appetite, occasional loud grunting, and a lordosis response during male mounting or when back pressure is applied, resulting in a rigid stance and erect ears. (Called Popping of the ears)
4 to 10 days after the piglets are weaned
semen collection
clinical signs impending parturition
savaging
corkscrew shaped penis. electroejac NOT rec. ejac releases large amounts of sperm–easy to deplete epididymus. EOD rec’d. 1-2 billion sperm per dose recc’d. Melrose cath–spiral tip insemination pipette
most farrow @ nite. noticable restlessness within 24h, nest building, pawing at ground if no material avail, may lie down, cyclically nest and rest…vocalization, defend nesting area, within 1h lie quietly in lateral recumb
mom kills and eats one or more piglets as born
most common causes of death in neonatal pd
dystocia
teat order
being crushed by the sow, starvation from failure to adequately nurse, and chilling (hypothermia) (sparse hair)
uncommon; more likely when small litter because each piglet is bigger. normal farrowing is 16min, 30min or more tends to be assoc with dystocia!
established in first several days. larger and stronger piglets dominate preferred cranial teats, which are easier to access and produce more milk. should reach a teat within 5min of birth
orphans
dental formulas
grinding feeds
- whole cow milk or commercial sow milk replacer
- feed q 2-3h for first 2-3 days
- 100 F milk
- prestarter or creep feed @ 1 week
Deciduous Dental Formula: 2(I3/3 C1/1 PM3/3) = 28
Total Permanent Dental Formula: 2(I3/3 C1/1 PM4/4 M3/3)
increases feed efficiency but if ground too finely can create digestive problems. Weaned at 3-5 wks
