Chapter 10 Flashcards
Classification
Animal Chordata Mammalia Artiodactyla Bovidae Bos Tarus Indicus
Cow
bull
steer
Mature female
mature male
castrated male
Heifer
Calf
Calving
Immature female
Neonate (heifer/bull calf
Normal TPR cow
100-102.5°
60-80 BPM
20-40 breaths per minute
American Salers
Noted for ease of calving and good maternal ability
Central France- horned breed, deep mahogany red
Angus (Aberdeen-Angus- Scotland origin)
Are black, smooth hair and polled. Alert and vigorous. Registered purebred Angus cattle are black.
Beefmaster
Known for good disposition, fertility, gain, conformation, hardiness, and milk production.
Origin: Texas- Variety of colors, some horned, some polled, some droopy ears, some not.
Brahman
Used for crossing
Southwest USA- light gray to black, drooping ears, loose hide, pendulous sheath and hump over shoulder
Brangus
Brahma x angus
Good moms, good feed efficiency, and produce desirable carcasses.
Drooping ears, solid black, polled, small hump, adapt well to different climates.
Charolais
High feed efficiency well adapted
French breed-white to light straw, large heavy muscled, horns white slender
Chianina
Largest breed of cattle. Good foragers, good mothers, high tolerance to disease and insects.
Italy: white with black switch, skin pigment black, high heat tolerance and gental disposition.
Horned and polled Herefords
Superior foraging, vigor and hardiness in calving
Origin- England-white faces and red bodies, white on dewlap and underline and flank. They are polled or horned, gentle nature and easily handled.
Limousin
Carcass leanness and large loin area
Origin- France, mahogany red to gold color, skin free of pigmentation. Small, short head, short neck
Red Angus
Good carcass producers, tolerate high heat temperatures
US origin
Santa Gertrudis
Desirable carcasses with little waste fat. Resist diseases and insects.
Origin- Texas- Brahma x Shorthorn- Cherry red w/occasional white marking, droopy ears, loose skin, horned or polled.
Shorthorn
Good mothers with excellent milking ability. Desirable carcass
Origin: England- red, white or roan, small horns, easily handled good disposition.
Simmental
Rapid growth, little fat, adaptable.
Origin: Switzerland, red and white, yellow and white, gray and white, solid, or black and white. Horned breed, large bodied and docile.
Texas Longhorn
Long legs, high fertility, resistant to many diseases, and parasites, adapt well, survive on sparse rangeland, easy calving, hardiness
Origin: Spain, many shades and combinations of colors. Horns up to 4 feet spreads.
Ayrshire
vigorous, strong and excellent grazers. 3rd in milk production, 4% mild fat-ranked 4th in milk fat
Origin- Scotland, shades of cherry red, horned, straight lines and well balanced udders, attached high
Brown Swiss
2nd in milk production, 3rd in milk fat with 4.19%
Origin: Switzerland- solid brown. Horned, large frames, heifers mature slowly, quiet docile temperament.
Guernsey
2nd in milk fat at 5%, 4th in mild production, Produce golden milk
Origin: Isle of Guernsey- English Channel any shade of fawn, skin is yellow. Medium, small and yellow at the base, gentle behavior
Holstein Friesian
1st in milk production 5th in milk fat with 3.5%. Excellent grazing ability and large feed capacity, adaptable.
Origin: Netherlands- black and white, horned, largest of dairy breeds.
Jersey
smallest of dairy cattle breeds. 1st in milk fat 5.4% ; 5th in milk production
Horned, medium length, excellent grazing ability
Origin: isle of Jersey: cream, light fawn or almost black
optimal breeding time and litter size
most common form semen collection bovine
breeding
12h after standing heat
1-2
electroejaculation
live cover or artificial insemination
things often used to tx uterine infections in bovine
uterine lavage and infusion
clinical signs of impending parturition bovine
- Softening of muscles and ligaments of the hindquarters and tail head 24-48 hours prior to labor
- Separate from herd
- Slight fall in rectal body temperature 54 hours prior
leading causes of mortality in first 3 days of life
how can you stimulate neonate breathing? normal pulse/temp
starvation and hypothermia
sternal recumbency, rubbing briskly with towels. 90-100 bpm; 100-102 degrees
how soon nurse neonate, and how much
what is essential for natural passive transfer of ab
1-2h (10-15% BW in colostrum within first 12-24h)
colostrum ingestion and absorption. SG 1.050 (IgG sufficient)
1 cause of sick neonate
hypoglycemia
meconium
can develop within 6h. If 60 is life threatening
first feces. usually dark, should be passed within 1st 24h of life–alert vet if not
failure of passive immunity
neonatal septicemia tx
most common cause of death in calves
zoonotic etiological agents of diarrhea
IX fluids, parenteral nutrition, resp support, recumbent issues management, tx fpt, broad spec abx poss
dhy & metabolic acidosis
Cryptosporidia & salmonella
calf pneumonia
cattle nutrition
dental fact
rumen pH
common calves > 4 wks. caused by management and infectious agents (incl mycoplasma) high morbidity, some mortality
ruminants -> herbivores, can convert cellulose into meat products for humans
no upper incisors
6.2-7.2 ideal; responsible for microbial digestion w/ bacteria and protzoans; become acidic if fed lots of grain
water
Deciduous dental formula
Permanent dental formula
ad lib, 10-14 gallons daily. Dairy: 3-5 gallons water -> 1 gallon of milk
Deciduous: Dental Formula: 2(I0/3 C0/1* PM3/3) = 20 Total
Permanent: Dental Formula: 2(I0/3 C0/1* PM3/3 M3/3) = 32 Total
