Chapter 25 Flashcards
atrophic rhinitis
regressive: Bordatella bronchiseptica
progressive: Pasturella multocida
nose bleeds, upper jaw deform, tear stains, sneeze, cough
dx: signs and deform, tx with abx
brucellosis
brucella suis
ZOONOTIC
abortion, orchitis, spondylitis, metritis, temp or perm sterility, bacteremia persisting 90 days, lameness or paralysis
gotta slaughter the infected :-(
C. Perfringens Type C Enteritis
necrohemorrhagic enteriis -> hemorrhagic diarrhea, collapse and death in very young.
dx on necropsy, once diarrhea develops lesions are irreversible
vaccinate, yo
Enteric Colibacillosis
E. Coli
diarrhea! rapid dhy, acidosis, death
dx on culture
abx tx, correct fluid/electrolyte imbalances
slatted floors, prevent chillling, vac preg sows
Eperythrozoonosis
Eperythrozoon suis (rickettsial, lice)
anemia, fever, pale mucous membranes, jaundice, emaciation, staggering or paralysis, weak neonates, unthrift appearances, and reproductive failure
dx giemsa stain periph smears, e. suis attached to RBC surface
tetracyclines
prev: disposable needles, sterilize sx equip, control arthropod parasites
Exudative Epidermitis
s. areus
early: red skin, coronary band erosion, anorexia, dep. can lead to death
abx: penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, lincomycin, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides
prev: disinfect mom and birthing environ; clip needle teeth in piglets; soft bedding; try to stop fighting
Glasser Dz
Haemophilus parasuis
maybe: Haemophilus parainfluenzae;stress predisposes pigs to dz, Mycoplasma hyorhinis may be the cause in younger pigs
fever! 104-107, difficult breathe, cough, some dev lameness assoc with tender swollen and warm joints
presumpt: hx and signs definitive: culture CSF cardiac blood or joints
abx
prev by reducing stress or maybe feeding meds in food or water during high stress times
Lepto
Leptospira pomonasMEDI and L. bratislava
ZOONOTIC
abortion; SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, infertility)
chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline
prev: annual vaccinations, confinement rearing, rodent control programs, fencing to prevent contact with contaminated water, and purchase of seronegative stock
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia
Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
persistent dry cough, sporadic dyspnea, high incidence of lung lesions in slaughtered hogs and death, dec growth rates and feed efficiency
prev: adeq ventil, reduce crowding, all in/all out management, vaccs
pleuropneumonia
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
cyanotic extremities, thumps (abdominal breathing), open mouth breathing with blood stained frothy nasal and oral discharge, fever up to 107, abortion, fatal infections, death
tentative dx rapid onset signs and lesions found on necropsy. definitive culture
tx systemic abx, don’t wanna eat or drink
depopulation, early segregated weaning, all in/all out management, improved ventilation, and reduced stocking rates. If the herd is already APP free, new pigs should be purchased from other APP-free herds
Streptococcal infections
S. suis. D, C, L E
reddened patches of skin, enlarged lymph nodes, thickened joint capsules, congestion, edema, excess clear or cloudy cerebrospinal fluid, and bronchopneumonia
isolate and identify causative agent
abx feed/water or systemic. penicillin tends to inactivate in feed
prev: reducing slurry gases, reducing overcrowding, and preventing introductions of carrier pigs
swine dysentery
Serpulina hyodysenteriae
mucoid diarrhea with flecks of blood and mucus that develops into a watery mucohemorrhagic diarrhea. soft shit, dhy, anorexia, weak, gaunt
presumptive dx on signs and necrospy, must isolate for definitive
water abx
improve sanitation and eliminate rodents. partial or total depop
prev: buy pathogen free stock
Swine Erysipelas
: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
no milk prod, abortion, skin discoloration leading to lesions, death. fever, lame. Lesions become diamond shaped if untreated
acute = signs, chronic or endocarditic = necropsy
penicillin, ceftiofur, tetracyclines. acute, also antiserum
Hog Cholera
pestivirus group of the family Flaviviridae
REPORTABLE
poor repro performance, piglets born with neuro dz. Severe virulent dec appetite fever constipation….2-6 day incubation, die 10-20 days after infection
virologic tests, ag detection, virus isolation, nucleic acid detection, serologic testing
report! herd slaughter. vaccs avail
Porcine Parvovirus
***porcine parvovirus
fetus mummification if before 70 days and stillbirth. does not affect endometrial tissues so does not cause abortion.
flourescent ab testing mummies
vaccinate please***
Porcine Reproductive andRespiratory Syndrome
enveloped virus that belongs to the Arteriviridae group of viruses
inc preweaning mortality, thumps, clinical signs of pneumonia upon necropsy. high repro losses, decrease daily gains significantly.
presumptive on signs, definitive on serologic tests
purchase animals that do not have it and vaccinate
Pseudorabies
enveloped DNA herpesvirus. nose-nose, feco-oral, aerosol transmission
resp dz main sign in weaned piglets, piglets also get tremors and paddling. swine of any age can get anorexia and fever
virus isolation, fluor ab test, serologic testing
symptomatic care
vacs, test and cull programs, segregate weaning
Swine Influenza
orthomyxovirus of the influenza A group
outbreaks in north america common in fall or winter
fever p to 108, trouble breathing, mucous discharge eyes and nose
dx acute signs, def: virus isolation or demo virus specific ab
Prevention/control: reducing stress levels, especially due to overcrowding, reducing dust, vaccination, use of all in/all out management, and strict import regulations
Transmissible Gastroenteritis
Coronavirus
aerosol and pig to pig
v, osmotic diarrhea, hy, death up to 100% and abortions
dx on signs
Prevention: vaccination, increasing farrowing room temperatures, all in/all out management, and good sanitation
name a regularly diagnosed problem in piglets
anemia. present 1-2 wks, The signs include difficulty breathing, roughened hair coat, and poor growth. IM or oral iron supp. mom milk lacks iron
PSE, malignant hyperthermia, and PSS
Pale soft exudative pork (PSE): Animals with the Hal gene produce inferior quality meat that is pale (grayish), soft, and watery, which devalue the carcass. These changes occur after death of the animal, due to an abnormally rapid fall in pH in the muscle cells that damages the cell membrane and allows water to leak freely out of the cells. PSE affects a large percentage of animals that are homozygous for the Hal gene as well as many animals that carry the gene as heterozygotes.
- Malignant hyperthermia: This is a drug-induced phenomenon characterized by muscle rigidity; tachycardia; tachypnea; metabolic acidosis; and a rapid, extreme, progressive rise in body temperature. Cardiovascular collapse and death usually occur. The condition may be triggered by halothane gas or by some of the neuromuscular blocking agents.
- PSS: This is an acute manifestation that requires a stressful “trigger” to initiate clinical signs. Physical stressors such as restraint, exertion, fighting, breeding, parturition, veterinary procedures, fighting, transportation, overcrowding, and high environmental temperatures may initiate a sudden attack of dyspnea and open-mouth breathing,
how to tx and prevent malignant hypertherm and PSS
Rickets
IV dantrolene (skeletal muscle relaxant)
caused by a lack of calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D in the diet. Ca-P ration extremely important signs incl slower than normal growth rates, crocked legs
Parakeratosis
suture than can prevent prolapse reoccurence
metabolic, d/t Zn deficiency. more severe when Ca levels are high. Rough, scaly skin. Prev by balance Zn and Ca in diet
Buhner retention suture
