Chapter 9 Flashcards
Search and rescue
SOG’s incorporate and state the following:
Firefighters will risk their lives a lot, and a calculated manner to rescue savable lives
Firefighters will risk their lives a little and a calculated man to rescue sable property
Firefighters will not risk their lives at all for lives or property that is already lost
Fast water durations can be short as
Five seconds of straight stream water NOT
What knocks down the fire and takes the developing thermal energy away with the slowing down rapidfire growth
fast water( known as resetting the fire)
What is like taking the energy of a fire and a fully developed stage and knocking it down to the energy put out by a fire in the growth stage
Resetting the fire
More than likely, the fire department shows up and what stage of the fire ‘’’’ OR RIGHT AFTER IT ‘’’’’
Growth stage or right after the room is flashed temperatures can range from 500 at the Floor 1500 at the ceiling and certainly over 500 and the fire room
There is many differences in opinion about temperatures in the Decay state fire but we can say generally that it’s between
200 and 300° or less than 500° NOT
Considerable pain registers on human skin at
111° p. 273 NOT
Burns occur at
118° NOT
Second-degree burns occur at
131° N OT
Pain receptor nerves become numb at
140° NOT
Human tissue is destroyed on contact at
162° NOT
The smoke of a decayed fire contains toxic levels of:
CM
HC
B
A
Carbon monoxide
Hydrogen Cyanide
Benzene
acrolien
The national Institute for occupational safety health lists the IDLH for acrolein at ‘’ ppm
2 ppm NOT
IDL H for Carmen monoxide is ‘’ PPM.. At ‘’’ ppm CO can run a person unconscious in 2 to 3 breaths and death can occur in less than three minutes
1200 ppm NOT
12,000 ppm
IDLH for hydrogen cyaniden is ‘’ ppm and its ‘’ times more toxic than Carbon monoxide..
50 ppm and it is 35 times more toxic than CO p. 274 NOT
Water application should come before
Ventilation and search
If ventilation is followed by water application from the attack crew, the flow path does not intensify the fire in front of the interior search team. This is referred to you as what kind of attack ?
Coordinated fire attack
What’’’ frequently indicate a confirmed fire:
Across from
At the rear of
Next-door to
Near the intersection of
Numerous calls p. 275
phrases
If firefighters enter a room to perform search and extremely high temperatures force them to crawl to tolerate the heat and smoke. This is a warning sign that.
Flashover is imminent
Roll over is also a sign that
Flashover is coming
What is your last warning before flashover occurs?
Rollover p. 278
There are four self limiting ‘’’ search tactics what are they?
From the door Yell “fire department anyone here” use your light and Tic to scan
Behind the door with your tool, then sweep out in front of you
Do not enter the room beyond the point of no return(5-6 ft)
An extreme heat conditions on upper floors, search the floor area below the windows from the ladder by reaching over the windowsills
defensive
The point of no return is estimated to be how far from the door
5 to 6 feet p. 279 NOT
Working in an IDLH area you have to abide by the two in two out rule. The two out firefighters should not stand around waiting for a Mayday call to occur . What should they be doing?
360° size up
Locating additional access points
Determining if there’s a basement deter what size ground ladders are needed around the perimeter
According to Project Mayday website, what is the number one reason firefighters calling Mayday?
They fell into a basement
Many type five wood frame homes built before 1960 have two’’’ one that is ‘’’ and located on the perimeter wall close to the AB or a corner of the house that is the fireplace
Other is ‘’’ often located in the peak of the center of the roof, much smaller and is built in a square often has galvanized steel caps. This is a ventilation for an old furnace or woodburning stove.
Brick chimneys
Rectangle
Square
Sidewalk skylights, which are also called
Vault lights
Any building with vault lights in the sidewalk and the front of it has a “” with what to assess ??
Basement often a stairway or elevator to access the basement from the sidewalk
Other names for RIC
RIG
RIT
Fast truck P. 280
’’’’’ should be in full PPE with the following equipment:
One hour air bottles
TIC
Hi, powered battle lanterns
Search
Rescue air kit( RAK)
Stokes litter
Tools
Hose line with combo nozzle
RIC member
What is the act of performing a 360° survey to force any lock doors or windows or remove any obstacles like bars, gates or fences without changing the ventilation profile or creating a dangerous full path?
Soften the building P. 282
According to project Mayday website number two and three reasons why people call FOR MAYDAYs are
2- Falling through the roof
3- Becoming disoriented/ losing hoes line
55% of May are transmitted by
First in units
Engine companies call ‘’ % of mayday
52 percent% NOT
Ladder companies account for hum inch percentage oF may days
46% NOT
Rescue companies account for how much maYDAYS
2% NOT
Most mayday occur around ‘’ of an incident
20 minutes NOT
A disoriented firefighter with zero to low visibility is often within ‘’ of the front door before turning the wrong way from the initial entry point
15 feet NOT
After the 20 minute mark with the distress firefighter needs most is
Air
’’’ is essential to the primary search and rescue operations as it is to extinguishment. ‘’’ from attack lines is used to:
Provide fast water
Separate the fire from occupants to
Controlling interior stairways and corridors for evacuations
Protecting firefighters performing primary surge and ventilation
Extinguishing around above and below the fire P. 283
Water
Hands on rescue efforts at the expense of water application to the fire only allows the fire to get bigger. This should never be a ‘‘or’’ decision
An either / or decision
Extinguishment should be considered an effective strategy for
Rescue P. 285
What is it quick systematic search of an area to determine whether victims are still in the building? As soon as possible a ‘’’ needs to be conducted to determine that no one was overlooked during the original search
Primary search secondary search
What search is not rapid emphasis should be taken on thoroughness not speed
Secondary search
The building should be what ‘’ as soon as possible, after the application of water on the fire to allow smoke heat and gases to move away from the occupants who might be trapped. Must be performed with fire attack.
Ventilation
When using PPV there must be a watt in the room to allow the heat and smoke to escape
An exhaust opening
Keeping ‘’ closed during, and after primary searches, prevent a watt from developing a ‘’ before the fires knocked down ?
Keeping the doors closed, flow path
It takes more time to pressurize an entire house rebuilding with a single PPV then it does to
Systematically, smaller compartment, areas, in sequence
If the fire is smoldering, but there’s indication of pressurized smoke and high heat. The building must be ‘’ ventilated before crews enter it to prevent a Backdraft..’’ can help determine THIS.
Vertically
TIC
P. 287
In a typical true story, single-family dwelling with two or three rooms on fire on the first floor, the occupants in most danger are those
Close to the fire on the first floor and then those directly over the fire on the second floor
The first floor and a fire will be affected by ‘’’ heat
Radiant heat
The second floor and fire will be affected by
Convected smoke, hot air, and gases
If an attack line is immediately available, it should be taken ‘’ if not, the primary search should begin ‘’
Upstairs, without it p. 288
Every door should be ‘’ during a search to prevent what?
Closed, flow path
Hose line should be stretched and place to hit main bodies of fire, ‘’’ it spread and cover areas into which the fire will ?
Cut off its spread
most likely extend
In a large occupied residential building the location of the fire and direction of the most smoke indicates the greatest ‘’’ for occupants
The greatest danger area for occupants
When the primary search and evacuation of victims is happening open stairways must
Be protected
’’’ Must also be completely controlled both as paths of safety and to keep the fire, smoke, and gases from penetrating into rooms or apartments
Corridors
Most victims of fire are overcome by “” rather than burns
Carbon monoxide
If the fire has gain considerable headway streams from ‘’ hose line should be used on the main body of the fire whereas ‘’ hose lines should be used to cut off the spread by getting around and above the fire
EXPOSRE 2.5 in . 1ST LINE 1.3/4 p. 289 NOT
Schools, hospitals, nursing home, and other such buildings may not always be necessary to be be evacuated. What is preferred
Protection in place
Evacuation of hospitals, nursing homes, schools should have such evacuation detailed in
Pre-Fire plans
Fire resistant structures built to resist the spread of fire also tend to ?
Hold heat rather than let it escape p. 290
Fire company should be prepared to use “” inch hose lines at fire resistant buildings
2 1/2 inch NOT
All firefighters, no matter what type of company to which they are assigned should be able to conduct a
Primary search if needed
A ‘’ search means just that using methods and tools to keep the team oriented to their location within the building and to each other
Oriented search
The basic concept of the oriented search
Have an officer remain at the door of the room being searched while firefighters physically searched the room( similar theory as VEIS , but in reverse)
What saves a lot of time and unnecessary property damage REGARDING entering properties
Master keys
EVERY member of a ‘’’’ should have a helmet light, a flashlight, or a chest mount and flashlight, and one of the following tools:
Halligan
Set
Pipe pull
Tech water, pressurized fire extinguisher
RaK
Search ropes
Battering
Torch
Search markers P. 292
search team
’’ consist of an SBA 60 minute air bottle, and attached regulator and a face piece and his carried inside his specifically designed carrying case.
RAK
If there is only oneRAK available. It should be reserved for.
RIC
Officers should carry a ‘’ tool when doing RIC
6 foot piKE POLL
It is the officers responsibility to make sure the fire does not
Get above the rescue team or come at them from behind
The last thing the officer is responsible for
AIR Management of the team
Ideally, how much air should be left before exiting the building?
1/3
Traditional oriented search is need to be modified in one of two ways, which are
1ST - if the officer chooses to remain outside the room being searched firefighters, need to enter the room and close the door behind them when conducting the search would be best in the situation if the firefighter conducted the search had a TIC
2ND - both the officer and firefighter ENTER the room and close door behind them P. 293
Immediate time should be made to advanced firefighters to the upper floor if the floor is ‘’’’ , they can begin searching for victims if the area is ‘’ because of intense heat ventilation should be conducted from the outside and a hose line should be directed to the upper floors
Tenable, untenable
What ventilation is more labor-intensive and time-consuming than other ventilation?
Vertical is more intense than horizontal
Vertical ventilation should only be considered when
The fire area is directly below the roof, cock loft or attic
If there is any hidden fires, PPV causes it to
Flare up
When those assigned to ladder/ ventilation duties, know that a search is being conducted, they should
Place ladders to the second floor and the floor above the fire as a secondary meaning of egress for search personnel/victims P. 294
The first area to be searched after the fire room is
The Room /area directly above the fire
A search behind what is the first action when entering a room?
Door
If the first turn into the room over the fire is a right handed turn then all turns into the subsequent rooms on the floor must be
Right handed.. and vice versa if you go left, stay left
Using a tic to expedite the primary search, when the screen clearly shows no victim in the room there is no need to feel around the perimeter wall however, if it shows furniture then
It must be physically searched by firefighter p. 295
What is the best search tool we carry?
tic p, 296
every firefighter engaged in the search should carry a ‘'’x3 to sound the floor, Probe areas and reach out into open areas of the room
Fire axe
Hallagan
Claw tool
A sagging floor good indicator of potential’’
Collapse p. 297
Different methods are used to indicate that a room has been searched so there’s no duplication of effort the practice of ‘’ should be discontinued
Placing a piece of furniture in the doorway p. 298
the ‘’ clamp is a simply handheld heavy duty plastic spring loaded, clamp or quick grip that can be purchased in any hardware store. It could be clipped onto the doorhandle to indicate that the room is been searched and can also be used as a door wedge to keep it open or closed for door control.
Jeromeo clap
Marking the door with a what indicates the room has been searched
X
Recent experiments have demonstrated that rescue techniques are much’’ if the interior doors closed prior to conducting the room search
Safer
ves has been modified to a SAFER tactic called
VEIS P. 299
Crack glass of crazing, along with blackened windows indicates
Higher temps
Cracked glass indicates you getting close to ?
You’re getting closer to the fire that is the fire ROOM
A window that is blacking from smoke with a layer of ‘’ and cracked Class from heat of the fire, especially the smoke sweeping through the crack, and the glass is a strong indicator that the door to the bedroom is ‘’ or the fire may be in that room
CREOSOTE , open P. 30
Remember glass blocks the infrared spectrum and TIC will show
A black screen UNTIL the windows opened P. 301
Once the unconscious victim is lifted to the window, the rescue rope should run from the inside of the ladder over the first rung Underneath the ‘’. A snug round turn, 2 ‘’’ should be tied around the chest and underneath the arms of the victim for a belay
Windowsill, 2 half hitches p. 303
What is a five ring interconnected one inch webbing rescue system that allows you to quickly create a harness by slipping the loops around the arms and legs up at victim without tying the victim can be dragged or hoisted
Sling Link
What ladder can be used to sled or carrying unconscious victim or down firefighting to safety
Baby ladder or roof ladder
There are Various method to carrying a victim down a ladder , but always use ‘’ to tie off the victim, turn to half hitches under the armor and around the chest helps you control the victim being carried down a ladder
Rescue rope p. 305
At the fire at a multiple-family residence, what can be
used to indicate the area that the fire will most likely
spread?
p. 289
Smoke
Which engine should be the rapid intervention crew when a
full response is present?
4th NOT
Where is the Siamese fire department connection located in
Type III ordinary commercial buildings with a basement?
p. 280
Close to the sidewalk
Water applications should come ‘’’’ ventilation and ‘’ primary search begins
Before
Because of extremely fuel rich environments found in today’s FIREgrounds, ‘’’ that is not preceded by concurrent with or immediately followed by excessive water application and suppression efforts introduces sufficient oxygen to bring the fire area to flashover conditions rapidly
Ventilation
It is common with modern fire environments to have a ‘’ . Prior to flashover and the fully developed staged.
decay
its best to start with an application of ‘’ defensively from the outside to reset the fire and take the energy release out of it if ventilation is followed by water application from the attack through the flow path is not intensify the fire in front of the interior search team this is what is referred to as a ‘’’ attack
Fast water
Coordinated attack
What does sounding the floor with a tool accomplish during
the search?
Thickness of the floor decking
What can be used that will carry all of the dead weight of
the victim when rescuing them from the fire building?
Roof ladder
What should be touching the wall when turning into an
office, apartment, or similar area during the search?
p. 296
SHOULDER
Search begins immediately after
Water application
Who should be given the thermal imaging camera if there is
only one during an oriented search?
p. 292
OFFFICER
