Chapter 14 Flashcards
Fire protection systems
Standpipe systems are usually installed in larger structures of ‘’’ or more including high-rise apartments, office buildings and warehouses to provide a water source and upper elevations or extended distances
Four stories or more
A standpipe replaces hose and therefore reduces
Hose friction loss and eliminates the need for Long stretches Hose line from the street to the fire
Standpipes are most often found inside ‘’’ modern buildings, but in older buildings ??
Interior stairways of modern buildings,
Many class one standpipes are found on the outside of the buildings usually alongside the exterior fire escape
What are designed to suppress rapidly reduce fire growth rate or control stop Fire growth rate from increasing fires..
Designed to detect a fire in its earliest stage and apply fast water.. Who
Automatic sprinklers p. 443
Automatic fire sprinklers use ‘’’ *( a specific area with a calculated flow to reach the designed intent of suppression or control)
Design density
What system is a piping arrangement that carries water vertically from Floor to floor and sometimes horizontally for two or more hose connections through a building for firefighter operations
Standpipe system
Horizontal standpipes are found where
` inside large one story, shopping, malls, and long water front piers
The fire service urges that large structures be required by law to contain’’’ to eliminate the loss of time between arrival of firefighters at the fire ground and initiation of the fire attack
Standpipe systems
The laws were passed in major cities in required standpipes in all buildings more than ‘’’ ft
75 feet, ( at the time the highest aerial ladder was 75 feet
NFPA ‘’ / ‘’’ standard for installing sprinkler systems and standard for installation of standpipes and hose systems are generally referenced by local state and model building codes and insurance standards when designing a system
13 / 14 - standpipe
How many classes of standpipe systems according to their intended use?
3
The classes of standpipe systems could be designed for:
FD
FB
FAF
Fire department
Fire brigade
First aid firefighting
What class of systems are vertically dry pipe risers with 2 1/2 inch hosed discharge connections as designed locations usually on every floor or stairway landing inside the building for full scale firefighting. the systems are intended for used by fire departments rather than fire guards and building occupants.
Class one
Class one systems is required to have a minimum flow of ‘’ GPM
500 gallons per min
What class of system provide one and a half inch hose connections at designated locations in the building for first aid firefighters. the systems are generally intended for used by fire brigades ( building occupants FF) to attack and incipient fire before the fire department arrives and therefore have a lower water pressure and flows. usually 100 feet long stored in a wall mounted hose cabinet often a fire extinguishers include
Class two
What class of system provides a combination of class one and classroom systems they can have an inch and a half hose valve and a 2 1/2 inch hose valve so they can be used for a full scare fire department and first aid firefighting class one class two hose connections are provided with the system
Class three p. 444
Class three standpipes have a minimum required flow rate of’’ in a maximum flow rate of’’ four buildings that are sprinkled throughout in accordance with NFPA 13 and ‘’’ for buildings that are not sprinkler throughout in accordance with NFPA 13
500 to 1000 gallons per minute
1250 gallons per minute - not sprinklered
How many types of stamp Pipe systems are there?
Seven
What type of standpipe system have piping that is normally filled with pressurized air the systems are arranged through a use of a device such as a dry pipe valve to emit water automatically into systems piping when a hose valve is opened, connected to automatic water supply of the water demand necessary
Automatic dry system
What type of standpipe system have piping that is filled with water at all times
Automatic, wet system
What type of standpipe system supply, both hose connections, and automatic sprinklers
Combination
What type of standpipe system have piping that is normally filled with non-pressurized air system do not have a pre-water supply department. FDC usually a 2 1/2 inch connection must be used to supply maintain water for the firefighter
Manual dry standpipe
What type of standpipe system have piping that is normally filled with air that may or may not be pressurized the systems are arranged through the use of devices such as a deluge valve to admit water into the system, piping remote activation device located at a host station, such as a police station is operated. They have reconnected water supply cable of supplying the water demand necessary.
Semi automatic, dry standpipe. 445
What type of standpipe system is a piping system that has water in it at all times
wet standpipe
What’s system is simply a vertical or horizontal pipe or riser running through or along outside of the building? Maybe found in a tall or wide area structure and can be located inside or outside the building… unheated buildings are subject to freezing temperatures
Dry system
Interior dry system usually has at least ‘’’ discharge valve outlets on each floor inside the building. The fire department intake is located outside the building.
1
Exterior dry system usually runs adjacent to the
Outside fire escape on the side of the building or at the c side , rear in an alley. there is one discharge hose outlet with each landing with a Siamese inlet appliance placed at the bottom of the pipe a few feet above the ground. Set ups like this are usually results of newer laws in the building
A building that is spread over a wide area may be equipped with ‘’ or more ‘’’ . Each protecting a portion of the building. These systems might be completely ‘’ with each riser being supported only by its own ‘’’ intake
Two or more standpipes
separated
FDC intake.
What NFPA requires such intakes to be placard or labeled, indicating what Portions of the building our supplied to prevent errors or confuses by connecting to the wrong system
14
One problem encountered with multi riser dry systems is the ‘’’ it takes to drive the air out of the system
2 1/2 inch and 1 1/2 gated wye should be included in ‘’ standBY hose lays. By the hose is being connected to one discharge port of the wye the other hoes can bleed the air
time
dry
Bleeding the air through an open gate wye is much
Quicker than bleeding it through the nozzle at the end of a hose line p. 446
’’’’’ systems is the water under enough pressure to allow fire fight without support from fire department pumpers? This can be ‘’ of the water mains or pressure provided from fire pumps
wet system?
Street pressure
NFPA ‘’ requires that water supply for Class 1/ 3 systems be able to deliver a residual pressure of ‘’’ at the outlet of the topmost hose connection on each standpipe. This pressure must be available while flowing. ‘’’’ from each of the two topmost hose connections of the hydraulic LEE, most remote standpipe.
14
Hundred pounds per square inch
250 gallons per minute
NFPA ‘’ requires that water supply for Class 2 systems be capable of delivering ‘’’ GPM FOR ‘’ MINS it also must be strong enough to maintain a residual pressure of ‘’ PSI at the outlet for the hydraulically most remote hose connection with 100 gallon per minute flow.
14
100 gallons per minute for 30 minutes
65. Psi
NFPA 14 was modified in 1993 to increase the minimum outlet pressure for Class 1/3 outlets from ‘’’
65 psi to 100 psi because of questions raised regarding the adequacy of 65 psi minimum P. 447
Automatic and semi automatic standPipe systems require a minimum of one pre-connected water supply they can supply the standpipes hydraulic demand for a minimum required. Duration will likely only supply. ‘’’ handlines.
2-3
For high-rise buildings to remotely located ‘’ are required for each zone within the pumping range of fire apparatus in addition to the automatic water supply.. ‘’’’’ reduce the possibility of all standpipe and sprinkER supply hose being cut by falling glass and those interrupting the secondary water supply during a fire
2 - FDC’S
Source of water most often include
Hydrant
Public water WorK systems
Pressure tanks
Fire pump connected to a reliable fixed water source such as a reservoir
Gravity fed tanks
Went two or more sources feed a wet stand pipe system the source providing the highest pressure is
The one that provides the water if the supply and use fails, the remaining source with the most pressure kicks in and supplies the system
What valve arrangement keeps possible contaminated water from entering the portable water system
Double check valve p. 448
If the public water Work main system supplies, enough pressure to satisfy code requirements then’’
Exceptions:
I
P
W
No other source will be needed.
Industrial
Private
Warehousing
Similar occupants
what stand pipe system supplied by public Watermain has become the most common arrangement in medium.- hi rise, apartments office buildings
A wet standpipe system
What are typically mountain on the ground when supplying one and two-story buildings or above ground when supplying taller structures they hold as much as 100,000 gallons of water gravity supplies the pressure required in the stamp Pipe and sprinkler system
Water tanks
A water tank pump is used to’’’ the tank but not aid in developing pressure
Fill
Generally pressure tanks are found on small systems where they supply hose lines with water for initial attack by occupants( which class)
2 p. 449
As with dry systems , ‘’’ systems may consist of two or more risers that may be separated or interconnected
Wet systems?
When risers are separated, there is one fire department intake for each riser each intake serves’’’
One riser and one riser only
When the risers are interconnected, the system must have ‘’ intakes
Two or more intakes p. 450
A wet standpipe system must have some type of sectional cut off or control valve between the system, and the Watermain or other water source and order for the system to be shut down for repairs and maintenance. What are usually found on INDUSTRIAL and WAREHOUSE properties? X 2
Post indicator values
Outside stem and yolk
Post indicator valves are usually found on what 2 properties
Industrial and warehouse properties
Outside stem and yoke valves are usually installed on Exterior walls of:
AB
OB
S
Exterior walls of apartment buildings, office buildings, and stores
Fire code requires PIV valves to be chained in what position or to have an electric monitoring device that alerts a supervisor security company if the valve was shut off
Open position
PIV’s maybe found on what system…
wet system
True popular types of PIV’s are:
W
B
Window types
Butterfly types
What type of PIV are you able to read the words open shut or close on?
Window type
When a PIV is not placed on the outside of the building and gated valve or outside stem and yolk might be located on the intake pipe in the ‘’’ OR ‘’ IF NO BASEMENT. These valves are normally placed close to the outside of the wall.
Basement or just inside the first floor if the building has no basement.
A stem of a OS&Y valve protrudes beyond the shut off wheel indicates the valve is ‘’’ ? If the stem is not visible, the valve is ‘’’
Open / closed P. 451
Between 2010 and 2014 sprinklers were present in ‘’ of reported US fires the death rate per 1000 reported fires was ‘’ N lower and properties with sprinklers and properties with no automatic extinguished systems. The civilian injury ‘’ lower the firefighter fire ground injury rage per 1000 fires was ‘’ lower
10%
87% lower
27% lower
67% lower
Sprinklers were effective IN controlling % ‘’ fires in which they operated
96 %
What sprinkler system water is pipe from a source to the protected area where the piping is branch usually at ceiling level to cover the entire area
Automatic sprinkler systems
As long as enough pressure available each head distributes water over an area ‘’ SQ FT or more are sufficient to control or extinguish fires. System piping, and water flow ranges between.’‘AND ‘’ GPM
100 or more square feet
15 and 110 GPM
There are three types of sprinkler heads commonly used inside of buildings
PENDENT
Upright
Sidewall
What sprinkler head hangs down from the ceiling and has a flat detector plate. When the glass bulb operates water flow from the sprinkler.ORIFICE, hits the deflector and throws a circular spray pattern
PENDENT
What sprinkler head projects up from the sprinkler OrIFICE . it is often used in mechanical rooms or an in accessible areas to provide better coverage between obstructions like beams and vent ducks. It has an umbrella type deflector that also sprays water in a circular pattern.
UPRIGHT P. 453
Basic components of an ‘’’’’ SYSTEM include:
Sprinkler heads
Piping
Risers
Control valves
Water supply P. 454
automatic sprinkler system
What sprinkler head comes out from the upper level of a wall a tilted deflectors sprays the water away from the wall in a small second deflector spray water back at the wall for protection THUS This is not a circular spray pattern. They are popular and motels and hotels and are used when PENDENT heads cannot be mounted to the ceiling or low structural heights prevent sprinkler piping
Sidewall
Frame
Heat sensitive element
Orifice
A pipe or an orifice plug
Deflector
ARE components OF ‘’’
Sprinkler head
All wet pipes sprinkler heads are held close by either a
Fusible link or a glass bulb that contains a heat sensitive liquid
What part of a sprinkler head has a two-part metal element that is fused by heat sensitive alloy with specific melting temperatures. Once the ambient temperature around the sprinkler had reaches a specific temperature, the alloy releases and the metal element separate which caused the pipe cap to fall away. Water is released.
Fusible link
Water is only released by sprinkler heads when
Ambient temperatures reach a specific level.
Sprinkler heads, have a small reservoir that hold the heat sensitive liquid. This. ‘’ hold the pipe cap in place when the ambient temperature of the liquid reaches a certain level of liquid expand and causes glass bulb which allows water to be released
Glass bulb sprinkler head p. 455
What is the result of microbiological induced corrosion of pipe interior which leads to both buildup of corrosion within the sprinkler pipes with heads that can limit or prevent water flow and the weakening of pipes. It is also found in standpipes and discharge valves.
Microbiological influenced corrosion( MIUC)
Most new sprinkler systems use’’ piping, MIC develops only in systems using ‘'’X 3
SP
BS
GS
SS
Steel pipe
Black steel or galvanized or stainless steel pipes
MIC build up his more critical in ‘‘PIPES because it takes less debris to OCCLUDE.
small diameter pipes
What systems that displace the air or dry systems that use nitrogen gas instead of air have much slower rates of corrosion due to the lack of oxygen.
Wet systems
The only way to determine if there is a serious MIC back up is to have’’ AT LEAST EVERY ‘’ YEARS
The water tested in a lab.( buildings are required to have their sprinkler system examined at least every five years.)
There are four basic types of sprinkler systems. What are they?
Wet piped
Pre-action
Dry pipe
DELUGE
In what system is piping always filled completely with water from the source to the head
Wet system P. 456
What system was developed for use in unheated areas were piping in a wet system might freeze
Dry pipe system
When a sprinkler head opens air escapes from the line this reduces the pressure and trips the ‘’ which opens and allows water to flow into the sprinkling pipe and then to the open head or heads
Dry pipe valve
What systems are similar to dry pipe systems with/or without pressurized air designed to prevent accidental activation for water to discharge two separate events are required, detection system activated by a manual post Station smoke or special heat detection such as rate of rise, or a lower level heat level detector opens a valve, allowing water to enter the sprinkling pipe
PRE - ACTION SYSTEM P. 457
What system is designed to deliver large volumes of water quickly it only contains water from the water source to a control valve. The sprinkling pipes from the valve to the head are open at all times. there is no plug holding the water back.?
Deluge system
The orifice on a DELUGE sprinkler head is always ‘’ there is no pipe or plug holding the water back. if there is a fire, the valve is activated by supplement Fire detection system
Open
’’’ systems are usually installed in :
High rise locations, such as flame liquid storage facilities
Chemical plants
Laboratories
Transformer room
Aircraft hangers
Or other areas were fire mites spread rapidly
deluge
Every sprinkler system is required to be equipped with a ‘’
Fire department intake
An older buildings built between 1919 60 that are less than four stories you may encounter a ‘’’. This is typically for a manual drive sprinkler system in the basement or a small underground garage.
Single intake with a female swivel
FDC’s should be ‘’ for the areas served and usually, but not always the two intakes for the dry system are on ‘’
placarded
bottom
The fire pump often has an ‘’ to show it is operating
Indicator light at the fire alarm panel
Another quick way to tell if the fire pump is functioning is
Putting your ear down to the sprinkler Siamese or the sprinkler riser if it is working, there will be a detectable vibration through the pipes
Publication on supplying sprinkler systems recommends a pumping pressure of
150 psi p. 459
Sprinkler systems are as effective for exposure protection, as they are for fire control provided that they are supplied with enough water for this reason pumpers should be Hooked into the sprinkling system of ‘’ buildings as well as into the main system in the Fire building
exposure
Sprinkler systems can be ‘’’ or ‘’’ for a variety of reasons which are:
Repair
Error
Intentionally shut off
System components damage
Earthquake damage
Frozen pipe
Broken water pipes from freezing
Building collapse
out of service
Un operable
According to arenas U.S. experience with sprinkler NFPA research paper report and 59% of incident in which sprinklers failed to operate the system had been.
Shut off. The number one reason for failure.
Manual intervention- 17%
Sprinklers fail to operate 7%
After the fire is extinguished, the sprinkler system should be ‘’ by turning off the power to the fire pump or closing the valves when no fire pumps are present closing the valves supply water fire pump without turning off the pump will ‘’’ AND HOW MANY FF SHOULD STAY AT THE CONTROL PANEL IF THEY NEED TO TURN IT BACK ON ?
Turn off
Destroy the pUMP
2
After the sprinkler system shut down the system should be restored TO
Operational level by the fire department if possible
Once the flow pressure has stopped from the fused head, they should be
Unscrewed and replaced
Dry systems and pre-action systems need to be serviced by sprinkler unless ?
Technician unless temperatures are below freezing FD must leave it charged and wet for the interIM to provide fiRE protection
An alarm system should be returned to ‘’’
Service before firefighters leave the scene
The newest type of automatic protection system is
Residential sprinkler systemsP. 463
Simplest and one of the least expensive types of systems is what sprinkler system
What pipe system?
Most common sprinkler system
Wet pipe system
The piping from the valve to the head contains compressed air, air pressure maintained by compressor hold “” Pipe closed
Dry piped p. 456
Similar to dry pipe systems with or without pressurized air designed to prevent accidental activation…
FOR WATER TO DISCHARGE TWO SEPARATE VANS ARE REQUIRED A SUPPLEMENTED DETECTION SYSTEM ACTIVATED BY MANUAL POOL STATION, SMOKE OR SPECIAL HEAT DETECTION, SUCH AS RATE OF RISE OR LOW OR LEVEL. HEAT LEVEL DETECTOR OPENS A VALVE ALLOWS WATER TO ENTER THE SPRINKLER PIPE IF THE SPRINKLER HEAD WILL FUSE I, the supplement detect allows early notification of possible fire prior to water flow.
What systems are used to protect high value properties, which may be damaged by accidental activation or special occupancies use as cold storage where accidental waterfall could create significant freezing problems
Pre-action system
DESIGNED TO DELIVER LARGE VOLUMES OF WATER QUICKLY ONLY CONTAINS WATER FROM THE WATER SOURCE TO THE CONTROL VALVE. THE SPRINKLER PIPING FROM THE VALVE TO THE HEAD ARE OPEN AT ALL TIME THE OFFICES HAD IS ALWAYS OPEN. THERE IS NO PIPE OR PLUG HOLDING THE WATER BACK IF THERE IS A FIRE, THE VALVE IS ACTIVATED BY SUPPLEMENTAL FIRE protection system.
What systems must have good water supply in order to function effectively low water flow to a building or other water flow restrictions may result in inadequate water flow to suppress fire
Deluge system
OS&Y main VALVUES to a wet staND Pipe or sprinkler system is often in the’’
Basement sprinkler room
In what position are the two intakes for the dry system
usually found when the building has multiple sets of FDC
connections
On the bottom
Which type of sprinkler system will be found IN a cold
storage area?
pre action
For buildings that are not sprinklered throughout in
accordance with NFPA 13, what is the maximum flow rate
allowed in Class III standpipe systems?
1250
What part of the fusible link sprinkler head falls away
when the ambient temperature reaches a predetermined level
allowing water to flow?
Pip cap
Which type of sprinkler head is popular in motels and
hotels?
Sidewall
In which type of PIPES does microbiologically influenced
corrosion occur within?
Stainless steel
In which occupancy is the low-cost, light-weight,
quick-response sprinkler system primarily installed?
Residential
What is the minimum required flow rate for the Class I
standpipe system?
500gpm
What is seen when the OS&Y main valve is open?
p. 451
stem
What is the better option when bleeding the air out of the
multiple-rise dry standpipe system?
A.) 1 1/2-inch gated wye opening
