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Science Technology and Society > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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1
Q

__________, a word with Greek roots, is defined as “the practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area.

A

Technology

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2
Q

It is a word to define or portray progressions, abilities, creations, happenings. Interpretations and knowledge of a particular group of persons and humans execute certain functions for man and society.

A

Technology

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3
Q

Over time, the definition of technology has evolved. Business dictionary defined technology as the “purposeful application of information in the design, production, and utilization of goods and services, and in the organization of human activities.

A

T

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4
Q

_______________is the external part of science, and to understand technology, academic or internal science shall be treated as a black box. Inner workings are not important for as long as they are responding to the needs of technology.

A

Technology

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5
Q

_____________ has a profound impact on every aspect of our lives. The way we live, communicate and interact changes through technology In education, medicine , transportation, economy, communication, and politics.

A

Technology

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6
Q

Advantages of Technology

A
  1. Life has become easy through science and technology.
  2. Travelling has become faster than before.
  3. Communication becomes more comfortable, faster, and cheaper.
  4. Innovations in technology increased the standard of living.
  5. Using various technology, man becomes advanced.
  6. The impossible has become possible due to the progress in science and technology.
  7. Science and technology made a lot of things easy to do and comfortable for men.
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7
Q

Disadvantages of Technology

A
  1. The human had misused the technology and used in damaging purpose.
  2. By the use of technology, man is doing illegal things.
  3. New technology like mobiles is generating harmful consequences for children.
  4. Using modern technology, terrorists use it for destructive purposes.
  5. Many illnesses are created due to the development of atomic energy and the atomic bomb.
  6. Modern technology like nuclear energy have not only affected man, but it also affected plants and other creatures.
  7. Natural beauty is decreasing due to the development of modern technology.
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8
Q

According to __________, _________has many advantages for humanity. In the present era, one cannot have without these advancements, but there are certain limitations to what humanity can apply it to almost everything they do. These are the factors that define the limits of technology:

A

Thobela (2023), technology

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9
Q

These are the factors that define the limits of technology:

A

Natural Limits, Economic Limits, Ethical Limits

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10
Q
  • are hard boundaries- things that technology cannot physically perform.
A

Natural Limits

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11
Q

Financial limitations. Some things might be technically possible but be so expensive that they are completely unworkable.

A

Economic Limits

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12
Q

limitations imposed by preexisting notions about what us right and wrong in a particular culture.

A

Ethical limitations

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13
Q

From the latin word “humanitas”, __________ which means “human nature kindness”, is the human race, including everybody on Earth.

A

Humanity

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14
Q

A term for the qualities that make us human, such as the capacity to love, sympathize, be creative, and not be a robot or alien.

A

Humanity

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15
Q

This refers to the kind of emotion humans frequently feel for each other.

A

Humanity

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16
Q

________ is highly dependent in technology.

A

Humankind

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17
Q

According to Sagan (2004), today is the period he called _____________.

A

“technological adolescence”

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18
Q

He also stated that he is worried that human beings will likely mature fast enough to escape the destruction by their own hands.

A

Sagan

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19
Q

The two road to take in humanity are

A

ascension of all human kind and the other is complete and total destruction.

20
Q
  • a situation wherein a person or a group of individuals are facing difficult choices in accepting whether a phenomenon is acceptable or not.
A

Dilemma

21
Q
  • refers to moral principles that govern a person’s behavior or activity.
A

Ethics

22
Q

a tough choice whether a phenomenon is acceptable, which in this case is, the various technological advancements.

A

ethical dilemma

23
Q

Three Ethical Decision Criteria

A

Utilitarian Criterion
Criterion based on Rights
Criterion based on Justice

24
Q

This criterion is solely based on their outcomes and consequences. It is grounded to the concept of common good, wherein a certain thing or event should serve the greatest good for the greatest number.

A

Utilitarian Criterion

25
Q

This criterion urges an individual to decide based on the fundamentals of liberties and privileges. It is usually set forth in the Bill of Rights. It has the main goal of protecting and respecting the basic rights of an individual, such as rights of speech, privacy, and due process.

A

Criterion based on Rights

26
Q

This criterion requires individuals to impose and enforce rules fairly with no exception to anybody to ensure equitable distribution of benefits and costs.

A

Criterion based on Justice

27
Q

Companies such as Planet Labs and Skybox Imaging have launched lots of satellitesin the last year to record the entire Earth’s status in real-time. The satellites themselves are getting cheaper smaller, and more sophisticated than before. Commercial satellite companies make this data available to corporations letting customers see useful images of areas handling natural disasters and humanitarian emergencies and data on private citizens’ comings and goings.
“How do we choose what should be observed and how frequent? Should we use this infonnation to solve criminalities? What is possible for the misuse by corporations, governments, police departments, pnVate citizens or terrorists, and other “bad actors”?”

A

A. Real-time Satellite Surveillance Video

28
Q

The colonization of Mars and plans for long term space missions are already ongoing. NASA has launched the Orion spacecraft, and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden declared a “Day One of the Mars era.” The company MarsOne and Lockheed Martin and Surrey Satellite Technology are preparing to launch a robotic mission to Marsin 2018 with succeeding humans in 2025. The first 418 mean and 28 women worldwide are presently competing for the four spots on the first one-way human settlement mission. However, as we watch with interest as this clarifies, we might ask ourselves the following:

A

B. Astronaut Bioethics (of colonizing Mars)

29
Q

We are presently involved in multiple technologies that monitor our behaviors. The development of dozens of bracelets and clip-on devices that monitor steps taken, activity levels, heart rate, etc., not to mention the advent of organic electronics that can be layered, printed, painted, or grown on human skin, has led by the fitness tracking craze. Google is partnering with Novartis to create a contact lens that monitors blood sugar levels in diabetes and leads healthcare providers’ information.

A

C. Wearable Technology

30
Q

“Soft war’’ is a concept used to explain insurgents’ rights and duties during the armed struggle. It incorporates tactics other than armed force to achieve political ends. Cyberwar and hacktivism could be soft war tools, through specific ways by states in inter-state conflict, instead of isolated individuals or groups. We already live in a state of low- intensity cyber conflict.

A

D. State-Sponsored Hacktivism and “Soft War”

31
Q

White house suspended research on October 17, 2014, enhancing the pathogenicity of viruses such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). In itself, Gain-of-function research is not detrimental; it is used to provide vital understanding into viruses and how to treat them. When used to increase mammalian transmissibility and virulence, altered viruses pose severe security and biosafety risks.

A

E. Enhanced Pathogens

32
Q

Primarily, it may seem ridiculous that kinds of weapons that have been around since World War I and not designed to kill could be an evolving ethical or policy dilemma
- considering the recent development and production of non-lethal weapons such as lasermissiles, blinding weapons, pain rays, sonic weapons, electric weapons, heat rays, disabling malodor ants, as well as the use of gases and sprays in both the military and domestic police forces. These weapons may not kill, but they can cause severe pain, physical injuries, and long-term health costs (the latter has not been thoroughly investigated).

A

F. Non-lethal Weapons

33
Q

Harvard University researchers created 1000 robots _capable of communicating with each
other to perform simple tasks such as ordering themse v s into sh pes a d patterns. No human intervention is required in these “kilobots” beyond the nginal set of mstruct1 ns and work together to complete tasks. These tiny bots are based on insects1 group_behavior and can erform environmental cleanups or answer disasters where humans fear treading. T e con ept of dnverless cars also relies on this system, where thecars themselves would communicate with each other to obey traffic laws and transport people safely to their destination.
“If a robot malfunction and causes harm, what will happen? Who would be blamedfor such
an accident? What if tiny swarms of robots could be set up to spy or sabotage?”

A

G. Robot Swarm

34
Q

Research on artificial life forms is a range of synthetic biology focused on custom-building
life forms to address specific purposes. Announced by Craig Venter and colleagues is the first synthetic life form in 2010 made from a present organism by introducing synth_etic_DNA Synthet!c life allows scientists to study the origins of life by building it rather than breaking It down, but this technique blurs the line between life and machines, and scientists foresee program organisms’ ability. The ethical and policy issuessurrounding synthetic biology innovations renew concerns raised previously with other biological breakthroughs, including safety issues and risk factors connected with releasinglife forms in the environment.

A

H. Artificial Life Forms

35
Q

A resilient social and ecological system is what we need to build - being pushed toan extreme while maintaining their functionality either by returning to the earlier state or by operating a new state. Resilient systems endure external pressures caused by climate change, natural disasters, and economic globalization. A resilient system can stand extreme weather events or regain functionality quickly afterward is an example. It can maintain a complex web of life when one or more organism is overexploited.
“To what way is it the responsibility of the federal government to assure civil infrastructure is resilient to environmental changes? When individuals act in their self- interest, there is the unique possibility that their actions fail to maintain infrastructure andprocesses that are essential for society.”

A

I. Resilient Social-Ecological Systems

36
Q

No Vulcan mind-meld, but brain-to-brain interfaces (BBi) have been achieved, allowing direct communication from one brain to another without speech. The interactions can be between humans or between humans and animals. In 2014, the University of Washington researcher performed a BBi experiment that allowed a person to command over another person about half a mile away, t e goal being the s!mple_t s of moving their hand. Using an electroencephalography (EEG) machine that detects brain activity in the sender and a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil that controls movement in the receiver. We have achieved a BBi twice - this year, scientists also transmitted words from brain-t- brain across 5,000 miles.

A

J. Brain-to-Brain Interfaces

37
Q

used to edit a portion of an organism’s DNA

A
  1. CRISPR/Cas9
38
Q
  • has been experimented by a doctor and the possibility was proven in a lower animal. Imagine the future with changed identity caused by a replaced head.
A
  1. Head Transplant
39
Q
  • a drone that will deliver something to a person and will instantly vanish after it hands the delivery to you.
A
  1. Disappearing Drones
40
Q

Artificial womb

A

Artificial womb

41
Q

a technology that will transmit advertisements to the brain through the bones.

A
  1. Bone Conduction for Marketing
42
Q
  • it aims to postpone retirement.
A

Exoskeleton for the elderly

43
Q

Together with population explosion are the issues and hitches on organizing social activities, verifying identities, tracking individuals, etc. data chip implants would like to solve the problem on the chaos of having so many people. It can locate lost children. It can keep your medical and financial records efficiently. It can transmit your identity easily. It can make people wallet free. This might be a mandatory form of ID in the future.

A

Data Chip Implants

44
Q

It is a robot with synthetic skin and artificial intelligence capable of learning owner’s preferences. The dream of the people working on robotics is limited to sexual purposes but also to produce robots with feelings and emotions.

A

Sexbots

45
Q

The most popular virtual currency today is called bitcoin. It is used to purchase and exchange money online without the intervention of a bank.

A

Virtual currency

Science Technology and Society (10 decks)

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