Chapter 12 Flashcards
Gene Theraphy
_________ is the technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms, or parts of this to develop or create different products.
Biotechnology
- all genetic information of an organism
Genome
The technology that works on manipulating the genome to correct defective genes to treat heritable diseases
Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy is a therapeutic strategy / genetic engineering techniques to cure diseases or disorders caused by _______.
Genetic problem
- it results in modified genes
Gene editing
It is a more precise than genetic engineering
Gene editing
In _______, the faulty genes are corrected or edited by inserting “good genes”.
Gene editing
often called the blueprint of life that carry the information responsible for the individual’s trait.
Genes
These are the genetic materials in our body cells
DNA
It contain the instruction that directs the cells in our body to make proteins.
DNA or genes
It is produced by specific genes(KRT1 gene) in the cells of our body line together to form the skin and the fingernails.
Keratin protein
It is a complete set of DNA or genes in a cell or organism. It contains all the information needed by the cells in our body to build, grow, and develop.
Genome
46 chromosomes, 23 pairs.
22 pairs are non sex chromosomes while the remaining pair dictate the organism’s characteristics.
TRUE
It contain sequences of DNA
Sister chromatids
It houses the DNA
Nucleus
Mutations in specific genes cause these. These disorders are either a) autosomal single gene disorder and b) X linked disorder.
Single Gene Disorders
it happens when the altered genes occur in the 22 pairs of non sex chromosomes. Examples are Sickle cell anemia, Cystic Fibrosis, and Tay- Sachs Disease.
Autosomal single gene disorder
it refers to diseases in which the altered genes occur in the sex chromosomes, specially the X chromosomes. An example of an X linked condition is Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
X linked disorder
Those changes in structure and number of chromosomes. It occurs when there is the excess or lacking chromosome, rearrangement of the chromosome, and contiguous gene-syndrome.
Chromosomal disorders
born with an extra X chromosome
Instead of the typical XY chromosome in men, they have XXY, so this condition is sometimes called XXY syndrome.
Klinefelter Syndrome
- occurs when a female is born with only one X chromosomes instead of 2.
Turner Syndrome
occurs because of the extra copy of chromosome 21, which can cause the body and brain to develop differently than a child without the syndrome.
Down Syndrome(Trisomy 21)
caused by having an additional copy of chromosomes 13 in some or all body’s cells.
Patau’s Syndrome (Trisomy 13)
caused by the presence of all part of an extra 18th chromosome.
Edward’s Syndrome (Trisomy 18)
Changes in multiple genes combined with environmental and lifestyle factors such as diet or cigarette smoke caused multifactorial inheritance.
Multifactorial Inheritance (Complex or Polygenic Inheritance)
a method of treating or preventing diseases by replacing, repairing, or turning on or off genes of a patient’s cell. It helps to treat genetic disorders such as those example mentioned that occur due to mutation that alter or inhibit protein functions.
Gene Therapy
are vehicles or agents used to introduce or insert genes into the cell.
Vectors
Cells tissues, and organisms where gene therapy is employed are described as _________ or _________.
transgenic or genetically modified.
- not related to reproductive gene therapy
- The genes are introduced to cells in the target organ (non sex cells) to produce enzymes needed by the body to function well without altering the organism’s genetic make-up.
The changes caused are not transferred to the offspring
- The genes are introduced to cells in the target organ (non sex cells) to produce enzymes needed by the body to function well without altering the organism’s genetic make-up.
Somatic Gene Therapy
- It involves introducing corrective genes to sex cells (sperm cells, egg cells) or 4 day old zygotes
The process removes the abnormalities that the offs[ring may inherit.
Reproductive Gene Therapy or Germ line Cell Therapy
transfer of gene in cultured cells and will be reinjected to the body of the agent.
ex vivo
introduction to therapeutic gene into the vector injected directly to the body.
In vivo
Can be carried out using viral or non-viral vectors.
In vivo
refer to carrier particles or molecules used to deliver genes.
Vector
depend on physical or chemical methods of delivering genetic material into a cell. Either be physical technique/ needle entering a cell or chemical technique/ created in a lab.
Non-viral vectors
are built using a blueprint of a virus- not the actual virus itself.
Viral vectors
