Chapter 1&2 - Introduction and history of Science, Technology, and Society Flashcards
- the driving forces that shape our society
Science and Technology
- helps us understand the world, and technology transforms these insights into everyday innovations, shaping the way we live, work, and connect with each other.
Science
_________________ are dynamic processes engaged in by man to satisfy two basic needs. What are those?
Science and technology, the thirst for knowledge and the material requirements for human survival and prosperity.
- it is the description, understanding, and prediction of phenomena through the use and generation of verifiable theories, laws, and principles.
Science
- it involves the acquisition of new knowledge and the utilization of such knowledge to devise new or improved products and processes.
Research and development
The oxford dictionary defines __________ as the intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behaviour of the physical and natural world through observation and experiment.
Science
According to McGinn, Science has four meanings:
As a knowledge- the organized, well founded body of knowledge of natural phenomena
As a field of systematic inquiry into nature- the particular field or domain or systematic inquiry in which such knowledge is sought.
As a form of human cultural activity- a distinct form of human activity in which such knowledge is sought
As a total societal enterprise- the summation of knowledge, people, skills, organization, facilities techniques, physical resources, methods and technologies, which is devoted to the study and understanding of the natural world.
- it is the use of scientific knowledge and/or empirical knowhow for the production, improvement, and distribution of goods and services, as well as the satisfaction of other material needs.
Technology
It is the application of natural laws to the solution of practical problems.
Technology
In the book ________________________, _________________ defined technology in three ways. What are those?
(1) Technology is a means to fulfill a human purpose in that a method or any material may be utilized to serve a human purpose.
(2) Technology is an assemblage of practices and components
(3) Technology is a collection of devices and engineering practices available to culture.
- a group of persons joined together for a common purpose or by a common interest. They come to learn and perform behavior expected of them.
Society
_________ place societies in 3 broad categories:
Sociologust
Pre industrial Society: Food production, which is carried through the use of human and animal labor, is the main economic activity.
Industrial Societies: The increase efficiency of production of the industrial revolution produced an even greater surplus than before.
Post- industrial societies: Societies dominated by information, services, and high technology more than the production of goods are known as Post Industrial Societies.
Four common characteristics of Science
(1) Focuses on the Natural Word
(2) Goes through Experiments
(3) Relies on Evidence
(4) Passes through the systematic Community
- it is ______ that decides how S&T is to be utilized.
refers to studies of phenomena such as the general nature and interrelationship of science and technology
Internal
__________________ strongly opposes the view that technology “is a means to an end”or a human activity.
Martin Heidegger
Relationships of Science, Technology and Society
(1) Science and technology are interdependent
(2) Science and technology has a big impact on the society
(3) Science and technology has a positive and negative effects to the environment
- at allows for the discoveries and inventions to take place.
Society
Science as organized body of thought
Ancient Period
they build a logical basis for the universe
Ionian Philosophers
They used stones as tools, and then learned how to shape stones to make more efficient tools. As the tools improved, so people were able to use them to fashion weapons and other artifacts from bone, antler, and wood
Ancient Period
They also learned how to capture fire from natural sources such as wild fires, and later to make fire for themselves by using the heat generated by friction or sparks from stones. or by concentrating the sun’s heat.
Ancient Period
____________ are considered to be the first recognized technology
Stone tools
Evidence implies that the early relatives of modem humans who are not directly descended from them, the _____________, created the first stone tools.
australopithecines