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Science Technology and Society > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

Climate Change, Energy Crisis, and Environmental Awareness

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1
Q

denotes significant statistical changes in climate that continue for a long period of time.

A

Climate Change

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2
Q

A United Nations Body called the ____________________________________ evaluates climate change science and released reports on global climate change. In their report, there is a significant change in the world’s climate over the past century.

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

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3
Q

________________ can have a greater potential impact on all the creatures on the planet resulting in a change that will lead to various consequences affecting humanity.

A

Global climate change

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4
Q

The Earth warms naturally due to the process known as _____________

A

Greenhouse Effect.

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5
Q

The ______________ is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affects the behaviour of the heat energy radiated b the sun.

A

natural greenhouse effect

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6
Q

In this process, ______________ enters the earth passing through the atmosphere and is absorbed in the earth’s surface. This absorbed energy warms the earth’s surface while some of it is reflected by the earth back to the space in the form of _____________.

A

sunlight(shortwave radiation), infrared or long wave radiation

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7
Q

Greenhouse gases is composed of

A

water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide

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8
Q

An increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere enhances __________.

A

Greenhouse effect

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9
Q

_____________ disrupts the equilibrium of the Earth’s climate due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases that increases the global average surface temperatures.

A

Greenhouse effect

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10
Q

The Earth’s atmosphere is composed of _______________________________________ such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxides, and halocarbons.

A

78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, and 1% Natural greenhouse gases

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11
Q

human activities enhance the greenhouse effect

A

Enhanced Green House Effect

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12
Q

-gases in the atmosphere that trap and absorb heat or infrared radiation emitted from the Earth’s surface and reradiating it back to the earth’s surface. This __________ by the greenhouse gases causes a change in the radiative balance of the Earth- balance between the energy received from the sun and the energy emitted from the Earth.

A

Greenhouse gases, heat trapping

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13
Q

Human activities that emit greenhouse gases are considered ______________.

A

anthropogenic sources.

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14
Q

The main greenhouse gases are

A

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor, ozone, nitrous oxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

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15
Q

as described by NASA Earth Observatory is “ the unusually rapid increase in the earth’s average temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouses gases released by people burning of fossil fuels.

A

Global Warming

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16
Q

occurs as a result of global warming.

A

Climate Change

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17
Q

The Earth is changing because of the _________________.

A

Enhanced global warming

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18
Q

is used as an indicator that will significantly provide information about global warming.

A

Carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere

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19
Q

are considered the best buffers of storm surge

A

Mangroves

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20
Q

considered as one of the most important inputs for economic growth.

A

Energy

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21
Q

include solar, geothermal, hydropower, wind, biomass, and biofuels which can replenish naturally in a short period.

A

Renewable sources of energy

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22
Q

Examples of Renewable sources of Energy

A

wood, wood waste, landfill gas, biogas, ethanol, and biodiesel are renewable energy sources categorized as biomass

23
Q

include crude oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. These resources do not replenish in a short period.

A

Non-renewable sources of energy.

24
Q

__________ products such as gasoline and diesel fuel that runs transportation vehicles are produce from crude oil.

A

liquid pertroleum

25
Q

Too much use of the natural resources

A

Overconsumption

26
Q

a steady increase in population increases the demands for fuels and products produced from natural resources

A

Overpopulation

27
Q

the use of old and outdated power-generating equipment by the energy- producing firms which are less efficient and cannot meet the world’s demands of energy

A

Poor infrastructure

28
Q

the fossil fuel-dependent economy of many countries mainly relying on non-renewable resources like coal as the main sources of energy. However, there are other renewable energy sources option that are yet to be explored. Investing on renewable energy sources are of much advantage over the non-renewable ones. It will not only reduce fossil-fuel dependency but also decreases greenhouse gas emissions.

A

Unexplored renewable energy options

29
Q

commission of new powerplants can help address the global problems on the world’s energy supply and demand. However, some countries were reported to have experienced a delay in commissioning power plants.

A

Delay in commissioning power plants

30
Q

the less concern of the people on energy conservation resulted to more energy being wasted

A

Wastage of energy

31
Q

caused by frequent tripping and breakdown

A

Poor distribution system

32
Q

pipeline burst, volcanic eruptions, floods, and earthquakes are some events that cause a shift in the world’s energy supply and demand. Specifically, it causes inflation of oil prices.

A

Major accidents and natural calamities

33
Q

can cause a global shortage of energy supply especially if it happen in a major oil producing countries like the Middle East countries such as Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Iran, Iraq, UAE or Qatar. The __________ in 1990 causes a high inflation of oil prices due to energy shortage that created a major problem of the people.

A

War and attacks,The Gulf War

34
Q

such as strikes by trade unions in an oil-producing firms, military coups, tax hikes, political events, sever hot summers or cold winters can suddenly increase the demand of energy and affects the supply

A

Miscellaneous factors

35
Q

Bautista et.al cited the ________________ as one of the latest energy technologies that can efficiently produce clean, renewable electricity by using the temperature differences between the surface ocean waters and the deep ocean waters.

A

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion OTEC

36
Q

The most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, contributes the greatest portion of warming caused by human activites.

A

C02

37
Q

Occurs naturally as part of the global carbon cycle

A

CO2

38
Q

Produced by human activities/ anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels for electricity, combustion of fuels for transportation, burning of papers and plastics

A

CO2

39
Q

It can be regulated by natural sinks like green plants that absorb C02 needed for photosynthesis.

A

CO2

40
Q

A natural gas that comes from natural sources such as wetlands and termite mounds

A

Methane CH4

41
Q

Also produced from human activities such as coal mining, natural gas production and distribution, waste decomposition in landfills, and digestive processes in livestock and agriculture.

A

Methane CH4

42
Q

Naturally occurring as part of the global water cycle

A

Water Vapor

43
Q

The most abundant and significant greenhouse gas which can trap more heat than carbon dioxide

A

Water Vapor

44
Q

It interacts with carbon dioxide in crucial ways. More carbon dioxide produces more water vapor that makes the Earth even more hotter.

A

Water Vapor

45
Q

Naturally occurring in the stratosphere but largely found in the troposphere because of human activites.

A

Ozone

46
Q

Emissions come from agricultural and industrial activities and the combustion of solid wastes and fossil fuels,

A

Nitrous Oxide

47
Q

Emissions come from commercial, industrial, or household uses.

A

Synthetic Gases

48
Q

Include hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, sulfur hexafluoride, and other synthetic gases

A

Synthetic gases

49
Q

contributes the largest amount of greenhouse gas emmissions

A

Electricity production

50
Q

Vehicles used petroleum-based materials like gasoline and diesel that release greenhouse gases

A

Transportation

51
Q

Uses fossil fuels to produce goods from raw materials in the factories. Fossil fuels emit __________.

A

Industry, greenhouse gases

52
Q

Common sources of greenhouse gases in homes are burning of fossil fuels and handling wastes. Same common sources in commercial places like market and cities.

A

Commercial and residential

53
Q

Greenhouse gases are released from the livestock. Examples are goats, cows, agricultural soils, and the production of rice that produce these gases.

A

Agriculture

54
Q

C02 is absorbed by trees, the primary absorber of Carbon dioxide. Cutting and burning trees highly emit greenhouse gases. Clearing of lands makes the increasing CO2 difficult to control.

A

Land use and Forestry.

Science Technology and Society (10 decks)

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