Chapter 13

Question 1

refers to the number, variety, and variability of organisms in a particular area.

Answer 1

Biodiversity

Question 2

The tropical region has the greatest biodiversity and a decrease of biodiversity can be observed in the poles.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Biodiversity can be _______, ________, or __________.

Answer 3

genetic, species and ecosystem biodiversity.

Question 4

a measure of the variety of the same genes within individual species.

Answer 4

Genetic biodiversity

Question 5

the number of different kinds of organisms within individual communities or ecosystems.

Answer 5

Species biodiversity

Question 6

the number of niches, trophic level, and ecological processes that capture, sustain food webs and recycle materials within this system.

Answer 6

Ecological biodiversity

Question 7

indicates the total number of species in an area.

Answer 7

Species richness

Question 8

shows how evenly the species are represented in the area.

Answer 8

Species Evenness

Question 9

commonly used by researchers, it combines Species Richness and Species Evenness in a single number.

Answer 9

Simpson’s Index

Question 10

a free statistical package that calculates biodiversity easily.

Answer 10

BiodiversityPro

Question 11

referring to habitat destruction( mangrove destruction, mining, slash, and burn, natural habitat conversion for human use and monoculture)

Answer 11

Land use changes
*Local Factor

Question 12

referring to water-borne pollutants from leaching, nitrogen, fertilizer use; chemicals from factories, human wastes; noise pollution, light pollution, and sonar pollution.

Answer 12

Pollution
*Local Factor

Question 13

referring to killing, poaching, and selling endangered species of plants and animals.

Answer 13

Resource Exploitation

*Local Factor

Question 14

Introduction of exotic or invasive species such as kuhol (Golden Apple Snail) and janitor fish that threaten the survival of native species.

Answer 14

Introduction of exotic or invasive species such as kuhol (Golden Apple Snail) and janitor fish that threaten the survival of native species.
*Local Factor

Question 15

Climate change due to greenhouse gases.

Answer 15

Climate change due to greenhouse gases.
*Global Factor

Question 16

refers to organisms or species on which other organisms or species largely depend.

Answer 16

Keystone species

Question 17

are biologically rich areas but with species threatened by extinction.
2 basis in identifying the biodiversity hotspot: (1) an area must contain at least ________ endemic vascular plant species.(2) At least _____ of its original area has been lost by destruction.

Answer 17

Biodiversity Hotspots, 1500, 70%

Question 18

are species that can be found only in a particular place, not anywhere else.

Answer 18

Endemic species

Question 19

Currently, there are 48 biodiversity hotspots around the world.

Answer 19

False, 36

Question 20

The Ph ranked in the_____ countries with the largest number of endangered species. The Ph is one of the ____ megadiverse countries. It houses ________ biodiversity. More than _________ species were described, half of which are endemic species that cannot be found anywhere else.

Answer 20

top 10, 17, 70 to 80%, 52, 777

Question 21

the state shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.

Answer 21

Philippine Constitution, Article 2 Section 16

Question 22

the state, subject to the provision of this constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the right of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being.

Answer 22

Philippine Constitution, Article 12 Section 5

Question 23

it provides the legal framework for the establishment and management of protected areas in the Philippines.

Answer 23

National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 (RA 7586)-

Question 24

it aims to conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats for sustainability.

Answer 24

Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001 (RA 9147)-

Question 25

An act to prevent, Deter, and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, Amending RA 8550 or the Philippine Fisheries Code of 1998(RA 10654 of 2015).

Question 26

all mineral resources in public and private lands within the territory and the EEZ or Exclusive Economic Zone of the Republic of the Philippines are owned by state.

Answer 26

Philippine Mining Act of 1995 (RA 7942)

Question 27

this produced the “no-go-zone map” which states that application for mineral contracts, concessions, and agreements shall not be allowed in the areas listed in the ins mat.

Answer 27

Institutionalizing and Implementing Reforms in the Philippine Mining Sector (EO 79, s. 2012)

Question 28

it recognizes the remediation and rehabilitation of abandoned mines shall be accorded as a top priority to address the negative impacts of past mining In the country.

Answer 28

National Policy Agenda on Revitalizing Mining in the Philippines of 2004 (EO 270, s 2004)

Question 29

Modern biotechnology produces new organisms by directly manipulating or altering the organism’s genome to produce _____________ with better desirable traits through a process known as _____________.

Answer 29

Genetically Modified Organisms GMO’s, Genetic Engineering.

Question 30

What are the potential impacts of GMO to human health?

Answer 30

1. Toxicity
2. Allergenicity
3. Genetic Hazards

Question 31

are basically “pesticide- producing” crop.

Answer 31

BT Corns

Question 32

can be used to eliminate allergens naturally present in crops.

Answer 32

Biotechnology

Question 33

Some claimed that eating GMO food could lead to genetic changes in humans

Answer 33

Genetic Hazards

Question 34

Biotechnology’s main goal is to provide a means to feed the hungry.

Answer 34

Truest

Question 35

Disadvantages of GMO products include

Answer 35

toxic effects, pesticide resistance, and ecosystem imbalance.