Chapter 13 Flashcards
The Biodiversity and Healthy Society
refers to the number, variety, and variability of organisms in a particular area.
Biodiversity
The tropical region has the greatest biodiversity and a decrease of biodiversity can be observed in the poles.
True
Biodiversity can be _______, ________, or __________.
genetic, species and ecosystem biodiversity.
a measure of the variety of the same genes within individual species.
Genetic biodiversity
the number of different kinds of organisms within individual communities or ecosystems.
Species biodiversity
the number of niches, trophic level, and ecological processes that capture, sustain food webs and recycle materials within this system.
Ecological biodiversity
indicates the total number of species in an area.
Species richness
shows how evenly the species are represented in the area.
Species Evenness
commonly used by researchers, it combines Species Richness and Species Evenness in a single number.
Simpson’s Index
a free statistical package that calculates biodiversity easily.
BiodiversityPro
referring to habitat destruction( mangrove destruction, mining, slash, and burn, natural habitat conversion for human use and monoculture)
Land use changes
*Local Factor
referring to water-borne pollutants from leaching, nitrogen, fertilizer use; chemicals from factories, human wastes; noise pollution, light pollution, and sonar pollution.
Pollution
*Local Factor
referring to killing, poaching, and selling endangered species of plants and animals.
Resource Exploitation
*Local Factor
Introduction of exotic or invasive species such as kuhol (Golden Apple Snail) and janitor fish that threaten the survival of native species.
Introduction of exotic or invasive species such as kuhol (Golden Apple Snail) and janitor fish that threaten the survival of native species.
*Local Factor
Climate change due to greenhouse gases.
Climate change due to greenhouse gases.
*Global Factor
refers to organisms or species on which other organisms or species largely depend.
Keystone species
are biologically rich areas but with species threatened by extinction.
2 basis in identifying the biodiversity hotspot: (1) an area must contain at least ________ endemic vascular plant species.(2) At least _____ of its original area has been lost by destruction.
Biodiversity Hotspots, 1500, 70%
are species that can be found only in a particular place, not anywhere else.
Endemic species
Currently, there are 48 biodiversity hotspots around the world.
False, 36
The Ph ranked in the_____ countries with the largest number of endangered species. The Ph is one of the ____ megadiverse countries. It houses ________ biodiversity. More than _________ species were described, half of which are endemic species that cannot be found anywhere else.
top 10, 17, 70 to 80%, 52, 777
the state shall protect and advance the right of the people to a balanced and healthful ecology in accord with the rhythm and harmony of nature.
Philippine Constitution, Article 2 Section 16
the state, subject to the provision of this constitution and national development policies and programs, shall protect the right of indigenous cultural communities to their ancestral lands to ensure their economic, social, and cultural well-being.
Philippine Constitution, Article 12 Section 5
it provides the legal framework for the establishment and management of protected areas in the Philippines.
National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act of 1992 (RA 7586)-
it aims to conserve and protect wildlife species and their habitats for sustainability.
Wildlife Resources Conservation and Protection Act of 2001 (RA 9147)-
