Chapter 9 Flashcards
-cele
hernia, tumor, swelling
cyst/o
urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid
dia-
through, between, apart, complete
glomerul/o
glomerulus
hydr/o
water
lith/o
stone, calculus
-lysis
breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening
nephr/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
-tripsy
to crush
ur/o
urine, urinary tract
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
-uria
urination, urine
vesic/o
urinary bladder
the term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer
ablation
has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia
acute renal failure
the absence of urine formation by the kidneys
anuria
an enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than age 50
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
the progressive loss of renal function over months or years
chronic kidney disease (CKD)
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall a.k.a prolapsed bladder
cystocele
an inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
a stone located within the urinary bladder
cystolith
the visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope known as a cystoscope
cystoscopy
a procedure to remove waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function
dialysis
the increased output of urine
diuresis
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
a congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney
ectopic kidney
the excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases
edema
A.K.A. kidney failure, is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, this condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are replaced by dialysis, or with successful kidney transplant
end-stage renal disease
a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening (in males, urethral opening on upper surface of the penis
epispadias
the most common kidney stone treatment. High-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel are used to break the stone into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine
glomerulonephritis
the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood
hemodialysis
the dilation of one or both kidneys
hydronephrosis
the distention (swelling) of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of ureteral obstruction
hydroureter
the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hyperproteinuria
the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood
hypoproteinemia
a congenital abnormality of the urethra opening. Urethral opening On VENTRAL surface (underside) of penis.
hypospadias
the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both
incontinence
a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder
interstitial cystitis
a set of x-ray images of the kidney, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures
intravenous pyelogram
A,K,A. kidney stone or renal calculus, is found in the kidney
nephrolith
describes the presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrolysis
the microscopic functional units of each kidney
nephrons
any disease of the kidney
nephropathy
the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body
nephrostomy
a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine. A.K.A nephrosis
nephrotic syndrome
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
neurogenic bladder
frequent and excessive urination during the night
nocturia
urinary incontinence during sleep
nocturnal enuresis
means scanty urination
oliguria
(olig = scanty)
the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood.
peritoneal dialysis
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
polycystic kidney disease
excessive urination and is a common symptom of diabetes
polyuria
a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostatism
an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney
pyelonephritis
a surgical incision into the renal pelvis
pyelotomy
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith
renal colic
(colic=spasms of pain in the abdomen)
the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone
suprapubic catheterization
the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope
transurethral prostatectomy
a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood
uremia
a stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterolith
the discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterorrhagia
an inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra
urethroplasty
bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
narrowing of the urethra
urethrostenosis
a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
urethrotomy
the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution
urinary catheterization
an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
a diagnostic procedure in which fluoroscopy is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
voiding cystourethrography
is a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children a.k.a. nephroblastoma
Wilms tumor
