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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

an/o

A

anus, ring

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2
Q

chol/e

A

bile, gall

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3
Q

cholecyst/o

A

gallbladder

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4
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon, large intestine

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5
Q

-emesis

A

vomiting

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6
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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7
Q

esophag/o

A

esophagus

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8
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach/belly

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9
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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10
Q

-lithiasis

A

presence of stones

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11
Q

-pepsia

A

digest, digestion

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12
Q

-phagia

A

eating, swallowing

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13
Q

proct/o

A

anus and rectum

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14
Q

rect/o

A

rectum, straight

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15
Q

sigmoid/o

A

sigmoid colon

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16
Q

the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

A

aerophagia

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17
Q

a surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

A

anastomosis

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18
Q

a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

A

antiemetic

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19
Q

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

A

ascites

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20
Q

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases

A

bariatrics

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21
Q

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

A

borborygmus

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22
Q

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with disease such as advanced cancer or ADIS. (can’t absorb nutrients even if eating enough)

A

cachexia

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23
Q

are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth.

A

canker sores

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24
Q

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten.

A

celiac disease

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25
Q

inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

A

cheilitis

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26
Q

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

A

cholangiography

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27
Q

an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

A

cholangitis

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28
Q

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

A

cholecystectomy

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29
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

A

cholecystitis

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30
Q

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

A

cholelithiasis

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31
Q

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

A

cirrhosis

32
Q

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

A

colonoscopy

33
Q

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

A

colostomy

34
Q

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum of the colon

A

Crohn’s disease

35
Q

the professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar

A

dental prophylaxis

36
Q

sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

A

diverticulitis

37
Q

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall

A

diverticulosis

38
Q

a.k.a indigestion, pain or discomfort during the digestion process

A

dyspepsia

39
Q

difficulty in swallowing

A

dysphagia

40
Q

a visual examination of internal structures

A

endoscopy

41
Q

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

A

enema

42
Q

an inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea

A

enteritis

43
Q

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

A

eructation

44
Q

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

A

esophageal varices

45
Q

an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

A

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

46
Q

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

A

gastroduodenostomy

47
Q

upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

48
Q

a condition is which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying

A

gastroparesis

49
Q

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach

A

gastrostomy tube

50
Q

the vomiting of coagulated blood

A

hematemesis

51
Q

a laboratory test for hidden blood in stool

A

Hemoccult test

52
Q

an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

A

hepatitis

53
Q

an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

54
Q

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

A

hyperemesis

55
Q

the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine

A

ileus

56
Q

the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

A

inguinal hernia

57
Q

a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes

A

jaundice

58
Q

an abnormal white, usually benign lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

A

leukoplakia

59
Q

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

A

malocclusion

60
Q

the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools.

A

melena

61
Q

the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube

A

nasogastric intubation

62
Q

weight classifications based on BMI that are higher than a healthy weight, for someone based on their height, gender and age.

A

obesity

63
Q

surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip

A

palatoplasty

64
Q

characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

A

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

65
Q

a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system

A

peristalsis

66
Q

a mushroom-like growth from the surface if a mucous membrane.

A

polyp

67
Q

a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

A

proctologist

68
Q

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

A

regurgitation

69
Q

transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals or by eating contaminated food; common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract

A

salmonellosis

70
Q

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

A

sigmoidoscopy

71
Q

an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

A

stomatitis

72
Q

a.k.a lockjaw, describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer

A

trismus

73
Q

a chronic condition of known cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

A

ulcerative colitis

74
Q

the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

A

volvulus

75
Q

a.k.a dry mouth, is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands

A

xerostomia

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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