Chapter 8 Flashcards
an/o
anus, ring
chol/e
bile, gall
cholecyst/o
gallbladder
col/o, colon/o
colon, large intestine
-emesis
vomiting
enter/o
small intestine
esophag/o
esophagus
gastr/o
stomach/belly
hepat/o
liver
-lithiasis
presence of stones
-pepsia
digest, digestion
-phagia
eating, swallowing
proct/o
anus and rectum
rect/o
rectum, straight
sigmoid/o
sigmoid colon
the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach
aerophagia
a surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures
anastomosis
a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting
antiemetic
an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity
ascites
the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases
bariatrics
the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine
borborygmus
a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with disease such as advanced cancer or ADIS. (can’t absorb nutrients even if eating enough)
cachexia
are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth.
canker sores
an autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten.
celiac disease
inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth
cheilitis
a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium
cholangiography
an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice
cholangitis
the surgical removal of the gallbladder
cholecystectomy
inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile
cholecystitis
the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts
cholelithiasis
a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring
cirrhosis
the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope
colonoscopy
the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface
colostomy
a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum of the colon
Crohn’s disease
the professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar
dental prophylaxis
sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon
diverticulitis
the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall
diverticulosis
a.k.a indigestion, pain or discomfort during the digestion process
dyspepsia
difficulty in swallowing
dysphagia
a visual examination of internal structures
endoscopy
the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity
enema
an inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea
enteritis
the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach
eructation
enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus
esophageal varices
an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract
esophagogastroduodenoscopy
the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum
gastroduodenostomy
upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
a condition is which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying
gastroparesis
a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach
gastrostomy tube
the vomiting of coagulated blood
hematemesis
a laboratory test for hidden blood in stool
Hemoccult test
an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection
hepatitis
an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm
hiatal hernia
extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration
hyperemesis
the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine
ileus
the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin
inguinal hernia
a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes
jaundice
an abnormal white, usually benign lesion that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek
leukoplakia
any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth
malocclusion
the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools.
melena
the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube
nasogastric intubation
weight classifications based on BMI that are higher than a healthy weight, for someone based on their height, gender and age.
obesity
surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip
palatoplasty
characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system
peristalsis
a mushroom-like growth from the surface if a mucous membrane.
polyp
a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus
proctologist
the return of swallowed food into the mouth
regurgitation
transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals or by eating contaminated food; common bacterial disease that affects the intestinal tract
salmonellosis
the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon
sigmoidoscopy
an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth
stomatitis
a.k.a lockjaw, describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer
trismus
a chronic condition of known cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation
ulcerative colitis
the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction
volvulus
a.k.a dry mouth, is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands
xerostomia
