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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

caus/o

A

burning, burn

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

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3
Q

concuss/o

A

shaken together, violently agitated

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4
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

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5
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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6
Q

-esthesia

A

sensation, feeling

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7
Q

esthet/o

A

feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

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8
Q

-mania

A

madness

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9
Q

mening/o

A

membranes, meninges

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10
Q

neur/i, neur/o

A

nerve, nerve tissue

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11
Q

-phasia

A

speak or speech

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12
Q

phobia

A

abnormal fear

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13
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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14
Q

radicul/o

A

root or nerve root

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15
Q

-tropic

A

having an affinity for

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16
Q

an excessive fear of heights (top/abnormal fear)

A

acrophobia

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17
Q

a group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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18
Q

A.K.A. Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles.

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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19
Q

the medication used to induce anesthesia.

A

anesthetic

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20
Q

a medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician, for example, a nurse anesthetist

A

anesthetist

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21
Q

characterized by a false perception of body appearance. leads to intense fear of gaining weight and voluntary starvation.

A

anorexia nervosa

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22
Q

mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion to the real danger in a situation.

A

anxiety disorders

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23
Q

describes a condition with different levels of symptom severity in which a young child has difficulty developing normal social relationships and communication skills, may compulsively follow repetitive routines, and has narrowly focused, intense interests that are sometimes unusual.

A

autism spectrum disorder

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24
Q

the temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis of the face, only on the affected side.

A

Bell’s palsy

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25
Q

an ultrasound study of the carotid artery (beyond/sound/process of producing a picture or record)

A

carotid ultrasonography

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26
Q

persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to a sensory nerve (burning/pain)

A

causalgia

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27
Q

the bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull

A

cerebral contusion

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28
Q

a group of disorders characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic deficiencies due to damage that affects the cerebrum.

A

cerebral palsy

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29
Q

brain damage that occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted because of a blood vessel is either blocked or has ruptured.

A

cerebrovascular accident

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30
Q

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region(nerve root/disease)

A

cervical radiculopathy

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31
Q

an abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces (barrier/abnormal fear)

A

claustrophobia

32
Q

describes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.

A

cognition

33
Q

a profound (deep) state of unconsciousness marked by the absence of spontaneous eye movements, no response to painful stimuli, and the lack of speech.

A

coma

34
Q

a violent shaking up or jarring of the brain (shaken together/condition or state of)

A

concussion

35
Q

a collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain (blood/tumor)

A

cranial hematoma

36
Q

an acute condition of confusion, disorientation, disordered thinking and memory, agitation, and hallucinations

A

delirium

37
Q

a disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol

A

delirium tremens

38
Q

a false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence to the contrary.

A

delusion

39
Q

a slowly progressive decline in mental abilities, including memory, thinking, and judgement, that is often accompanied by personality changes.

A

dementia

40
Q

the thick, tough, outermost membrane of the meninges

A

dura mater

41
Q

a learning disability characterized by substandard reading achievement due to the inability of the brain to process symbols correctly

A

dyslexia

42
Q

the process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

A

electrocephalography

43
Q

an inflammation of the brain, can be caused by a viral infection such as rabies

A

encephalitis

44
Q

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine

A

epidural anesthesia

45
Q

a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures of varying severity.

A

epilepsy

46
Q

a condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick

A

factitious disorder

47
Q

a sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimulation

A

hallucination

48
Q

occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks a.k.a. bleed

A

hemorrhagic stroke

49
Q

a condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles of the brain

A

hydrocephalus

50
Q

a condition of abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch, pain, or other sensory stimuli (excessive/sensation or feeling)

A

hyperesthesia

51
Q

the most common type of stroke in older people, occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of an artery

A

ischemic stroke

52
Q

a lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness, and apathy

A

lethargy

53
Q

an inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord

A

meningitis

54
Q

the congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

A

meningocele

55
Q

may be preceded by a warning aura, is characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head

A

migraine headache

56
Q

a progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath

A

multiple sclerosis

57
Q

an inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

58
Q

a fluoroscopic and CT study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar puncture

A

myelography

59
Q

a sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

A

narcolepsy

60
Q

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

A

neurotransmitters

61
Q

characterized by recurrent obsession and/or compulsions.

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

62
Q

an unexpected, sudden experience of fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms such as heat palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, choking sensations, or a combination of these.

A

panic attack

63
Q

a general term for several categories of sleep disorders that occur while falling asleep, during sleep, or while waking from sleep (around/sleep/abnormal condition)

A

parasomnia

64
Q

refers to a burning or prickling sensation with no apparent physical cause that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet but can also occur in other parts of the body

A

paresthesia

65
Q

a chronic, degenerative central nervous system disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity, and a slow or shuffling gait.

A

Parkinson’s disease

66
Q

a disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral neuropathy

67
Q

may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else, during which the person felt intense fear, helplessness, or horror

A

post-traumatic stress disorder

68
Q

a serious and potential deadly disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion

A

Reye’s syndrome

69
Q

a psychotic disorder usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations and accompanied in varying degrees by other emotional, behavioral, or intellectual disturbances

A

schizophrenia

70
Q

inflammation of the sciatic nerve

A

sciatica

71
Q

a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person fells or acts for a short time

A

seizure

72
Q

describes the results of a child being violently shaken by someone

A

shaken baby syndrome

73
Q

a.k.a. fainting, is the brief loss of consciousness caused by the decreased flow of blood to the brain

A

syncope

74
Q

a repetitive, involuntary muscle movement usually involving the hands, arms, head, or face.

A

tremor

75
Q

a chronic pain condition characterized by severe, lightening-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve

A

trigeminal neuralgia

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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