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Medical Terminology pt 2 > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aden/o

A

gland

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2
Q

adren/o

A

gland

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3
Q

adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

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4
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

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5
Q

gluc/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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6
Q

glyc/o

A

sugar, sweetness

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7
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancreas

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8
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

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9
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

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10
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

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11
Q

thyr/o

A

thyroid gland

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12
Q

thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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13
Q

toxic/o

A

poison

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14
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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15
Q

-trophy

A

development, nourishment

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16
Q

pituitary gland is also called the

A

hypophysis

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17
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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18
Q

2 hormones released by neurohypophysis:

A

oxytocin and vasopressin

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19
Q

what is cushing syndrome?

A

excessive coritsol in the body. an adenoma in pituitary produces excessive ACTH

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20
Q

cushing syndrome is also known as

A

adrenal hyperplasia

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21
Q

calcium levels are regulated by what hormone

A

parathyroid

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22
Q

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

adrenal cortex: promotes secretions of some hormones by adrenal cortex, cortisol

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23
Q

FSH Follicle Stimulating Hormone

A

Ovaries in females (stimulates egg production and increases estrogen)

Testes in males (stimulates sperm production)

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24
Q

Growth Hormone (GH) or gonadotropin

A

Bone, cartilage, liver, ,uscle (stimulates somatic growth, increases use of fats for energy)

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25
Q

Luteinizing hormone

A

ovaries in females (promotes ovulation, stimulates estrogen and progesterone production)

testes in males (promotes testosterone)

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26
Q

prolactin

A

breastL promotes lactation

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27
Q

TSH thyroid stimulating hormone

A

thyrpid gland; thyroid hormone secretion

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28
Q

What hormones does posterior pituitary emit?

A

ADH and Oxytocin

29
Q

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)

A

kidney; increases water reabsorption (water returns to blood)

30
Q

Oxytocin

A

uterus: stimulates uterine contractions, initiates labor
breast: promotes milk secretion from mammary glands

31
Q

acr/o

A

extremity

32
Q

swelling due to mucus is??

A

myxedema

33
Q

the thyroid hormones are

A

calcitonin, T4 and T3

34
Q

what is calcitonin

A

calcitonin regulates calcium levels with parathyroid,

35
Q

T4 and T3

A

increased energy production from foot, increased rate of protein synthesis

36
Q

-ism

A

condition

37
Q

calc/o

A

calcium

38
Q

PTH (parathyroid targets..

A

bones: increased reabsorption of calcium and phosphate
kidneys: increased calcium absorption and phosphate excretion
small intestine: increased absorption of calcium and phosphate

39
Q

adrenal glands are also known as

A

suprarenal glands

40
Q

Adrenal Cortex hormones are

A

glucocorticoids, mineralcorticoids, and sex hormones

41
Q

glucocorticoids (mainly cortisol)

A

body cells: promotion of gluconeogenesis; regulate carbs, protein, fat; aid in depression of inflammatory and immune responses

42
Q

mineralocorticoids

A

(aldosterone)
kidneys: increased blood level sof sodium and decreased potassium

43
Q

sex hormones (androgens, estrogens, steroids)

A

responsible for female libido

44
Q

what is the adrenal medullar hormones?

A

epinephrine and norepinephrine

45
Q

epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

sympathetic nervous system target organs; hormone effects that mimic sympathetic nervous system activation, increase heart rate, raise blood pressure (fight or flight with hypersecretion)

46
Q

hormone producing cells of the pancreas are called

A

islets of Langerhans

47
Q

-gen / -genesis

A

forming, producing, origin

48
Q

poly-

A

many, much

49
Q

hormones produced by the pancreas are

A

glucagon and insulin

50
Q

glucagon

A

liver and vlood; increase blood glucose level

51
Q

insulin

A

tissue cells: lower blood glucose lvel

52
Q

diabetes mellitus is caused by

A

hyposecretion of insulin

53
Q

cephal/o

A

head

54
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum

55
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

56
Q

gli/o

A

glue; neuroglial tissue

57
Q

mening/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

58
Q

meningi/o

A

meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)

59
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow; spinal cord

60
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

61
Q

-paresis

A

partial paralysis

62
Q

-phasia

A

speech

63
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis

64
Q

how do the layers of the meninges go?

A

dura, arachnoid, pia
outside to in

65
Q

tumor of the meninges is

A

meningioma

66
Q

epi-

A

above, upon

67
Q

stroke aka

A

cerebrovadcular acciddent CA

68
Q

xen/o

A

foreign or strange

69
Q

-iatry

A

physician, treatment

Medical Terminology pt 2 (15 decks)

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