Chapter 10 Terms

Question 1

muscular dystrophy

Answer 1

group of hereditary diseases characterized by gradual atrophy and weakness of muscle tissue

Question 2

myasthenia gravis

Answer 2

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by severe muscular weakness and progressive fatigue

Question 3

sprain

Answer 3

trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability

Question 4

strain

Answer 4

trauma to a muscle or tendon (stretch or tear) from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

Question 5

torticollis

Answer 5

spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; also called wryneck

Question 6

bunion

Answer 6

deformity charcaterized by lateral deviation f the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe which causes tissues surrounding joint to become swollen and tender

Question 7

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 7

pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

Question 8

contracture

Answer 8

fibrosis of connective tissue in skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule preventing normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Question 9

crepitation

Answer 9

grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

Question 10

Ewing sarcoma

Answer 10

malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in the long bones or the pelvis; malignant neoplasm of bone by site (adolescent boys most common)

Question 11

ganglion cyst

Answer 11

fluid filled tumor that most commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands but may also occur in the ankles and feet

Question 12

gout

Answer 12

hereditary metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis, characterized by excessive uric acid in blood and around the joints

Question 13

herniated disk

Answer 13

herniation or rupture of the nucleus pulposus between two vertebrae; called prolapsed disk

Question 14

Paget disease

Answer 14

skeletal disease that affects older people and causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of the long bones; osteitis deformans

Question 15

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 15

chronic, systemic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, resulting in crippling deformities

Question 16

rotator cuff injury

Answer 16

trauma to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendonsl called musculotendinous rotator cuff injury

Question 17

subluxation

Answer 17

partial or complete dislocation

Question 18

sequestrum

Answer 18

fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

Question 19

talipes equinovarus

Answer 19

congenital deformity of the foot; clubfoot

Question 20

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 20

chronic inflammatory disease of unkown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; rheumatoid spondylitis

Question 21

kyphosis

Answer 21

increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture; hunchback

Question 22

lordosis

Answer 22

forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column, leading to a swayback posture

Question 23

scoliosis

Answer 23

abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right

Question 24

spinal stenosis

Answer 24

narrowing of one or more spaces within the spine that results in the nerves becoming compressed or pinched, leads to back pain; commonly occurs in cervical or lumbar area

Question 25

spondylolisthesis

Answer 25

partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; spinal cord compression

Question 26

arthrocentesis

Answer 26

puncture of a joint space with a needle to remove fluid

Question 27

bone density test (bone densitometry)

Answer 27

low energy x ray absorption of the wrist, pelvis, and spinal column to measure bone density for purposes of diagnosis and management of osteoporosis; dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)

Question 28

bone scan

Answer 28

nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes bones after the intravenous injection of a radiopharmaceutical

Question 29

rheumatoid factor

Answer 29

blood test to detect the presence of rheumatoid factor, a substance present in patients with RA

Question 30

arthroplasty

Answer 30

surgical reconstruction or replacement of a painful, degenerated joint to restore mobility in RA or osteoarthritis or to correct a congenital deformity

Question 31

bone immobilization

Answer 31

process of hoding a bone in place to prevent the fracture from moving while it heals

Question 32

casting

Answer 32

protective shell of fiberglass, plaster, or plastic, molded to protect and facilitate alignment of bone as frature heals

Question 33

splinting

Answer 33

use of a rigid material, such as thin piece of wood, to maintain injured body part in fixed position to facilitate alignment of bone as fracture heals

Question 34

traction

Answer 34

use of devices such as ropes, pulleys, and weights to apply tension and facilitate alignment of bone as fracture heals

Question 35

sequestrectomy

Answer 35

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

Question 36

bone resorption inhibitors

Answer 36

reduce resorption of bone; used in the treatment of weak and fragile bones; seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease

Question 37

calcium supplements

Answer 37

treat and prevent hypocalcemia

Question 38

gold salts

Answer 38

treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system to prevent further disease progression

Question 39

muscle relaxants

Answer 39

relieve muscle spasm and stiffness

Question 40

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Answer 40

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in the treatment of musculoskeletal conditions, such as sprains and strains, and inflammatory disorders, such as RA, osteoarthritis, bursitis, gout, tendonitis