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Medical Terminology pt 2 > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cyst/o

A

bladder

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2
Q

vesic/o

A

bladder

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3
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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4
Q

meat/o

A

opening, meatus

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5
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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6
Q

ren/o

A

kidney

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7
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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8
Q

ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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9
Q

urin/o

A

urine, urinary tract

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10
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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11
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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12
Q

-emia

A

blood condition

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13
Q

-iasis

A

abnormal condition (produced by something specified)

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14
Q

-lysis

A

separation; destruction; loosening

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15
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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16
Q

-pexy

A

fixation (of an organ)

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17
Q

-ptosis

A

prolapse, downward displacement

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18
Q

-tripsy

A

crushing

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19
Q

-uria

A

urine

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20
Q

poly-

A

many, much

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21
Q

-us

A

condition, structure

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22
Q

azot/o

A

nitrogenous compounds

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23
Q

supra-

A

above, excessive, superior

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24
Q

-ia

A

condition

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25
Q

carcin-

A

cancer

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26
Q

olig/o

A

scanty

27
Q

KUB

A

diagnostic test of kidneys, ureters, and bladder

28
Q

PKD means

A

polycystic kidney disease

29
Q

ARF means

A

acute renal failure

30
Q

BNO

A

bladder neck obstruction

31
Q

CRF

A

chronic renal failure

32
Q

ESWL

A

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

33
Q

UA

A

Urinalysis

34
Q

define azoturia

A

increase of nitrogenous substances, especially urea, in urine

35
Q

define diuresis

A

increased formation and secretion of urine

36
Q

define ESRD (end stage renal disease)

A

kidney disease that has advanced to the point that kidneys can no longer adequately filter blood, and patient requires dialysis or renal transplantation for survival (AKA CRF)

37
Q

define enuresis

A

involuntary dischaarge of urine after the age at which bladder control should be established

38
Q

hypospadias

A

abnormal congenital opening of the male urethra on the undersurface of the penis

39
Q

define interstitial nephritis

A

condition associated with pathological changes in the renal interstitial tissue that may be primary or caused by a toxic agent, such as a drug or chemical, which results in the destruction of nephrons and severe impairment in renal function

40
Q

define urgency

A

sudden and frequent strong need to urinate

41
Q

define Wilms tumor

A

malignant neoplasm of the kidney that occurs in young children, before 5 yrs old, aka nephroblastoma

42
Q

what is blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

A

laboratory test that measures the amount of urea (nitrogenous waste product) in blood and demonstrates the kidney’s ability to filter urea from blood for excretion in urine

43
Q

what is creatinine clearance

A

laboratory test that measures the rate at which creatinine is cleared from blood by the kidney

44
Q

what is a pyelography?

A

radiographic study of the kidney, ureters, and bladder after injection of a contrast agent

45
Q

what is intravenous pyelography (IVP)

A

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is injected intravenously and serial x ray films are taken to provide visualization of the entire urinary tract; also called intravenous urography (IVU)

46
Q

what is retrograde pyelography (RP)

A

radiographic imaging in which a contrast medium is introduced through a cytoscope directly into the bladder and ureters using small-caliber catheters

47
Q

what is a nuclear scan?

A

radiographic technique that produces images of an organ or area of the body by introducing a radionuclide substance that releases a low level of radiation

48
Q

what is a renal nuclear scan

A

nuclear scan that determines renal function and shape

49
Q

what is voiding cystourethrography

A

radiography of the bladder and urethra while the bladder fills and empties

50
Q

what is catheterization?

A

insertion of a catheter (hollow flexible tube) into a body cavity or organ to instill a substance or remove fluid, most commonly through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine

51
Q

what is dialysis

A

mechanical filtering process used to clean blood of high concentrations of metabolic waste products, draw off excess fluids, and regulate body chemistry when kidneys fail to function properly

52
Q

what is hemodialysis (HD)

A

process of removing excess fluids and toxins from blood by continually shunting (diverting) the patient’s blood from the body into a dialysis machine for filtering, and then returning the clean blood to the patient’s body via tubes connected to the circulatory system

53
Q

what is peritoneal dialysis (PD)

A

type of dialysis that uses the peritoneum in a persons abdomen as the membrane through which fluid and dissolved substances are exchnaged with the blood

54
Q

what is ureteral stent

A

placement of a thin tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of flow of urine from the kidney

55
Q

what are antibiotics

A

kill bacteria that commonly cause UTI

56
Q

antidiuretic

A

controls fluid balance in the body by reducing urination

57
Q

antispasmodics

A

suppress spasms of the ureter, bladder, and urethra by relaxing the smooth muscles lining their walls, thus allowing normal emptying of the bladder

58
Q

diuretics

A

block reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys, thereby increasing the amount of salt and water excreted in the urine

59
Q

potassium supplements

A

replace potassium loss caused by diuretic drugs

60
Q

-grade

A

to go

61
Q

noct/o

A

night

62
Q

scler/o

A

hardening; sclera (white of the eye)

63
Q

-pepsia

A

digestion

Medical Terminology pt 2 (15 decks)

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