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Medical Terminology pt 2 > Chapter 11 Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

achromatopsia

A

congenital deficiency in color perception; color blindness

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2
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the cornea and lens, which causes light rays to focus unevenly over the retina, rather than being focused on a single point, resulting in a distorted image

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3
Q

cataract

A

degenerative disease in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively cloudy, causing decreased vision

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4
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

retinal damage marked by aneurysmal dilation and bleeding of blood vessels or the formation of new blood vessels, causing visual changes

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5
Q

glaucoma

A

condition in which aqueous humor fails to drain properly and accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye, causing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)

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6
Q

open angle glaucoma

A

most common form, results from degenerative changes that cause congestion and reduce flow of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm

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7
Q

closed angle glaucoma

A

type of glaucoma caused by an anatomically narrow angle between the iris and the cornea, which prevents outflow of aqueous humor from the eye into the lymphatic system, causing increase in IOP

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8
Q

hordeolum

A

small, purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called a sty

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9
Q

macular degeneration (MD)

A

breakdown of the tissues in the macula, resulting in loss of central vision

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10
Q

photophobia

A

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light

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11
Q

retinal detachment

A

separation of the retina from the choroid, which disrupts vision and results in blindness if not repaired

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12
Q

strabismus

A

muscular eye disorder in which the eyes turn from the normal position so that they deviate in different directions

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13
Q

esotropia

A

strabismus in which deviation of visual axis of one eye towards other eye; cross eye and convergent strabismus

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14
Q

exotropia

A

strabismus where there is a deviation from one eye away from the other eye

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15
Q

acoustic neuroma

A

benign tumor develops from vestibulocochlear nerve and grows within the auditory canal

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16
Q

hearing loss

A

decreased ability to perceive sounds compared with what the individual or examiner would regard as normal

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17
Q

anacusis

A

total deafness (complete hearing loss)

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18
Q

sensorineural

A

hearing loss caused by temporary damage to sensory cells or nerve fiber of the inner ear

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19
Q

Meniere disease

A

rare disorder of unkown etiology that can lead to progressive loss of hearing

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20
Q

otitis exterma

A

infection of the external auditory canal

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21
Q

otitis media (OM)

A

inflammation of the middle ear, result of URI (upper respiratory infection)

22
Q

serous otitis media

A

noninfectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serum

23
Q

suppurative

A

inflammation of the middle ear with pus formation

24
Q

presbycusis

A

impairment of hearing that results from the aging process

25
Q

tinnitus

A

ringling or tinkling nose heard constantly or intermittenly in ears

26
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of moving around in space or a feeling of spinning or dizziness

27
Q

slit-lamp examination

A

eye evaluation that provides a stereoscopic view of the eye’s interior with use of a binocular microscope (slit lamp) of a high intensity light source to accentuate eyes structure

28
Q

tonometry

A

test to measure increased intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma

29
Q

intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA)

A

imaging technique used to study retinal blood vessels and circulation of blood in the retina using photographs of the retina after injection of a fluorescent dye

30
Q

visual acuity (VA) test

A

examination that identifies the smallest letters that can be read

31
Q

audiometry

A

test that measures hearing acuity at various sound frequenccies

32
Q

otoscopy

A

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane by using an otoscope

33
Q

pneumatic

A

otoscopic procedure that assesses ability of tympanic membrane to move in resposne to a change in air pressure

34
Q

tuning fork test

A

hearing test that uses a turning fork that is struck and then placed against or near the bones on the side of head to assess nerve and bone conduction of sound

35
Q

Runne

A

tuning fork test one ear at a time

36
Q

Weber

A

tuning fork test both ears at the same time

37
Q

cataract surgery

A

excision of a lens affected by a cataract

38
Q

corneal transplant

A

surgical transplantation of a donor cornea into eye of a recipient (keratoplasty)

39
Q

iridectomy

A

excision of a portion of the iris used to relieve intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

40
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

use of an argon laser to treat diabetic retinopathy by sealing leaking blood vessels in the retina

41
Q

lasik

A

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction

42
Q

vitrectomy

A

removal of the vitreous gel from the middle of the eye and replacement of the gel with a clear artifical fluid

43
Q

cochlear implant

A

electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cohclea of a deaf person to restore hearing

44
Q

ear irrigation

A

process of flushing the external ear canal with sterile water to treat patients who complain of ear wax impaction

45
Q

myringotomy

A

incision of the eardrum to relieve pressure and release pus or serous fluid from the middle ear or to insert PE tubes

46
Q

antiglaucoma agents

A

reduce intraocular pressure by lowering the amount of aqueous humor in the eyeball, reducing its production or increasing its outflow

47
Q

miotics

A

cause thepupil to constrict

48
Q

mydriatics

A

cause the pupil to dilate and prepare the eye for an internal examination

49
Q

vertigo and motion sickness drugs

A

decrease sensitivity of the inner ear to motion and prevent nerve impulses from the inner ear

50
Q

wax emulsifiers

A

loosen and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax)

Medical Terminology pt 2 (15 decks)

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