Chapter 11 Terms

Question 1

achromatopsia

Answer 1

congenital deficiency in color perception; color blindness

Question 2

astigmatism

Answer 2

defective curvature of the cornea and lens, which causes light rays to focus unevenly over the retina, rather than being focused on a single point, resulting in a distorted image

Question 3

cataract

Answer 3

degenerative disease in which the lens of the eye becomes progressively cloudy, causing decreased vision

Question 4

diabetic retinopathy

Answer 4

retinal damage marked by aneurysmal dilation and bleeding of blood vessels or the formation of new blood vessels, causing visual changes

Question 5

glaucoma

Answer 5

condition in which aqueous humor fails to drain properly and accumulates in the anterior chamber of the eye, causing elevated intraocular pressure (IOP)

Question 6

open angle glaucoma

Answer 6

most common form, results from degenerative changes that cause congestion and reduce flow of aqueous humor through the canal of Schlemm

Question 7

closed angle glaucoma

Answer 7

type of glaucoma caused by an anatomically narrow angle between the iris and the cornea, which prevents outflow of aqueous humor from the eye into the lymphatic system, causing increase in IOP

Question 8

hordeolum

Answer 8

small, purulent inflammatory infection of a sebaceous gland of the eyelid; also called a sty

Question 9

macular degeneration (MD)

Answer 9

breakdown of the tissues in the macula, resulting in loss of central vision

Question 10

photophobia

Answer 10

unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light

Question 11

retinal detachment

Answer 11

separation of the retina from the choroid, which disrupts vision and results in blindness if not repaired

Question 12

strabismus

Answer 12

muscular eye disorder in which the eyes turn from the normal position so that they deviate in different directions

Question 13

esotropia

Answer 13

strabismus in which deviation of visual axis of one eye towards other eye; cross eye and convergent strabismus

Question 14

exotropia

Answer 14

strabismus where there is a deviation from one eye away from the other eye

Question 15

acoustic neuroma

Answer 15

benign tumor develops from vestibulocochlear nerve and grows within the auditory canal

Question 16

hearing loss

Answer 16

decreased ability to perceive sounds compared with what the individual or examiner would regard as normal

Question 17

anacusis

Answer 17

total deafness (complete hearing loss)

Question 18

sensorineural

Answer 18

hearing loss caused by temporary damage to sensory cells or nerve fiber of the inner ear

Question 19

Meniere disease

Answer 19

rare disorder of unkown etiology that can lead to progressive loss of hearing

Question 20

otitis exterma

Answer 20

infection of the external auditory canal

Question 21

otitis media (OM)

Answer 21

inflammation of the middle ear, result of URI (upper respiratory infection)

Question 22

serous otitis media

Answer 22

noninfectious inflammation of the middle ear with accumulation of serum

Question 23

suppurative

Answer 23

inflammation of the middle ear with pus formation

Question 24

presbycusis

Answer 24

impairment of hearing that results from the aging process

Question 25

tinnitus

Answer 25

ringling or tinkling nose heard constantly or intermittenly in ears

Question 26

vertigo

Answer 26

sensation of moving around in space or a feeling of spinning or dizziness

Question 27

slit-lamp examination

Answer 27

eye evaluation that provides a stereoscopic view of the eye's interior with use of a binocular microscope (slit lamp) of a high intensity light source to accentuate eyes structure

Question 28

tonometry

Answer 28

test to measure increased intraocular pressure to detect glaucoma

Question 29

intravenous fluorescein angiography (IVFA)

Answer 29

imaging technique used to study retinal blood vessels and circulation of blood in the retina using photographs of the retina after injection of a fluorescent dye

Question 30

visual acuity (VA) test

Answer 30

examination that identifies the smallest letters that can be read

Question 31

audiometry

Answer 31

test that measures hearing acuity at various sound frequenccies

Question 32

otoscopy

Answer 32

visual examination of the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane by using an otoscope

Question 33

pneumatic

Answer 33

otoscopic procedure that assesses ability of tympanic membrane to move in resposne to a change in air pressure

Question 34

tuning fork test

Answer 34

hearing test that uses a turning fork that is struck and then placed against or near the bones on the side of head to assess nerve and bone conduction of sound

Question 35

Runne

Answer 35

tuning fork test one ear at a time

Question 36

Weber

Answer 36

tuning fork test both ears at the same time

Question 37

cataract surgery

Answer 37

excision of a lens affected by a cataract

Question 38

corneal transplant

Answer 38

surgical transplantation of a donor cornea into eye of a recipient (keratoplasty)

Question 39

iridectomy

Answer 39

excision of a portion of the iris used to relieve intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

Question 40

laser photocoagulation

Answer 40

use of an argon laser to treat diabetic retinopathy by sealing leaking blood vessels in the retina

Question 41

lasik

Answer 41

use of an excimer laser to correct errors of refraction

Question 42

vitrectomy

Answer 42

removal of the vitreous gel from the middle of the eye and replacement of the gel with a clear artifical fluid

Question 43

cochlear implant

Answer 43

electronic transmitter surgically implanted into the cohclea of a deaf person to restore hearing

Question 44

ear irrigation

Answer 44

process of flushing the external ear canal with sterile water to treat patients who complain of ear wax impaction

Question 45

myringotomy

Answer 45

incision of the eardrum to relieve pressure and release pus or serous fluid from the middle ear or to insert PE tubes

Question 46

antiglaucoma agents

Answer 46

reduce intraocular pressure by lowering the amount of aqueous humor in the eyeball, reducing its production or increasing its outflow

Question 47

miotics

Answer 47

cause thepupil to constrict

Question 48

mydriatics

Answer 48

cause the pupil to dilate and prepare the eye for an internal examination

Question 49

vertigo and motion sickness drugs

Answer 49

decrease sensitivity of the inner ear to motion and prevent nerve impulses from the inner ear

Question 50

wax emulsifiers

Answer 50

loosen and help remove impacted cerumen (ear wax)