Chapter 9 Flashcards
Define communicability
the ability to spread from one individual to others and cause disease
Define pathogenicity
the ability of an agent to produce disease
success depends on communicability, infectivity, the extent of tissue damage, and virulence
define portal of entry
route by which a pathogenic microorganism infects the host
-direct contact
-inhalation
-ingestion
-bites of an animal or insect
define toxigenicity
the ability to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins, factors that greatly influence
the host
antigenic shift
major change in flu A virus
Antigenic drift
minor change in flu A virus
what is the difference between bacterial infection and viral infection
bacterial infections are caused by bacteria
* Prokaryocytes (lack a distinct
nucleus)
* Aerobic or anaerobic
* Gram-positive or gram-negative
* Different shapes
* Intracellular or extracellular
Viral infections are caused by viruses and are the most common affliction of humans.
* Replication depends on the ability to infect the host cell
* Simple organism
* Usually self-limiting
* Transmission:
* Aerosol
* Infected blood
* Sexual contact
* Vector
*Not capable of independent
reproduction
* Need permissive host cell
* Attachment
* Penetration
* Uncoating
* Replication
* Assembly
* Release
define tineas
disease dermatophytes (a kind of fungi) produce. named depending on the location of the body
aka ringworms
what are the types of tinea?
tinea capitis - scalp ringworm
tinea pedis - athletes foot
tinea cruris - jock itch
All types of ringworm (tinea capitis, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris) are caused by
a. parasites
b. fungus
c. virus
d. bacteria
b. fungus
vaccines are biologic preparations of antigens that stimulate protective antibodies or cellular immunity against a specific pathogen. this is known as ___________ immunity/immunotherapy.
a. verticle
b. active
c. horizontal
d. passive
b. active
hookworms and tapeworms are examples of which type of infection?
a. bacterial
b. parasitic
c. viral
b. parasitic
