Chapter 6

Question 1

What are the cardinal signs of inflammation?

Answer 1

redness, swelling, heat, pain, loss of function

Question 2

what are the typical signs and symptoms of inflammatory response

Answer 2

1. Vasodilation and increased blood flowàerythema and warmth
2. Increased vascular permeability: Leakage of plasma proteinsàedema, redness
   WBC adherence to inner walls of vessel, Leukocyte (neutrophil) recruitment, and migration
   Through complex interactions of chemical and cellular components found in the blood and tissues

Question 3

what are the typical signs and symptoms of infection

Answer 3

-Fever
-Chills and sweats.
-Change in cough or a new cough.
-Sore throat or new mouth sore.
-Shortness of breath.
-Nasal congestion.
-Stiff neck.
-Burning or pain with urination.

Question 4

Primary intention vs secondary intention with example

Answer 4

primary intention: wounds that heal under conditions of minimal tissue loss
- stitches

secondary: wounds that require a great deal more tissue loss
- open wound

Question 5

define and explain how innate immunity works

Answer 5

innate (natural) (native) immunity
-physical, mechanical, biochemical barries

Question 6

what are some examples of innate immunity?

Answer 6

skin, lining of gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and respiratory tracts, saliva, tears, earwax, sweat, mucus, antimicrobial peptide

Question 7

An injury to a vascularized tissue has occurred and activated an acute inflammatory response. Which of the following is TRUE regarding this response? It:

A. Is nonspecific
B. Is activated slowly
C. Is the third line of defense
D.Relies on cellular components only

Answer 7

A. nonspecific

Question 8

________ immunity includes barriers and inflammation
a. active
b. acquired
c. adaptive
d. innate

Answer 8

d. innate

Question 9

The classic or cardinal signs of acute inflammation include all of the following except:

a. pain
b. warm to the touch
c. pallor (paleness)
d. swelling

Answer 9

c. pallor

Question 10

leukocytosis refers to an increase in the number of circulating ________ beyond the upper limit of the normal

a. mast cells
b. red blood cells (RBC)
c. white blood cells (WBC)
d. platelets

Answer 10

c. white blood cells

Question 11

a _______ is a raised scare that extends beyond the original boundaries of the wound, invading surrounding tissue

a. keloid
b. contracture
c. hypertrophic scar
d. fibrous adhesion

Answer 11

a keloid

Question 12

the first line of defense against infection is _______ immunity

a. passive
b. humoral
c. innate
d. adaptive

Answer 12

c. innate

Question 13

which of the following types of immunoreactive cells release histamine, have potent vasoactive properties, and are associated with asthma and allergies?

a. natural killer (NK) cells
b. neutrophils
c. basophils
d. platelets

Answer 13

c. basophils