Chapter 9 Flashcards
Which group gained important political rights during the 1820s?
White men
The economic expansion of the 1810s affected relations among U.S. regions, which
made the regions more interdependent than ever before.
When the British invaded the U.S. capital in 1814, American troops responded by
quickly recovering and expelling the British troops.
Which early president was the principal author of the U.S. Constitution as well?
James Madison
Although Andrew Jackson claimed to be representative of the “common man” as president, he was actually supported only by
white people.
As First Lady, Dolley Madison worked to advance the role of women in the United States by
promoting their inclusion in Washington’s political culture.
How did most ordinary Americans respond to efforts of the Democratic-Republican Party to use the power of the federal government to invest in infrastructures?
They supported them because such plans advanced industry and agriculture.
During the early decades following the Revolutionary War, even most white men could not vote because they
did not own property.
Congress passed the Indian Removal Act in 1830, and in response the Cherokee
refused to accept the terms of the act and fought back.
Between 1810 and 1820 the non-Indian population west of the Appalachian Mountains
increased dramatically, nearly doubling.
What state first passed an Ordinance of Nullification in 1832?
South Carolina
What topic concerned most serious battles in Congress during Adams’s presidency?
Tariffs
What was the economic impact of extended trade routes and European trading disruptions that characterized the 1810s?
Economic boom and expanded manufacturing
When the panic of 1819 subsided, the result was that
workingmen demanded the vote.
Southern planters were against imposing higher tariffs on foreign imports during the panic of 1819 because tariffs
raised the price of manufactured goods while agricultural profits declined.
How did Congress ensure U.S. merchants could use an ancient Indian trail from Missouri to Santa Fe in the 1820s?
They negotiated a treaty with Indians for access to the trail.
What was John Ross’s strategy for the advancement of the rights of Cherokee people in the United States in the early nineteenth century?
To encourage them to embrace Anglo-American religion and culture
To remove the Indian threat in northern territories, President James Monroe negotiated treaties with
Great Britain.
When early-nineteenth-century merchants in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh needed to sell their manufactured goods, their primary customer base was:
western farmers.
Conflicts between Indians and the United States were ongoing and complicated. What was the consequence of the U.S. victory in 1794 led by General “Mad Anthony” Wayne against a Shawnee-led coalition?
Outraged, Indians forged a pan-Indian alliance and vowed to fight on.
Which candidate followed the old tradition of “standing” for the office of president rather than “running” for office, something that was introduced in this 1828 election?
John Adams
Which Indian tribe adopted a republican form of government based on the U.S. Constitution?
Cherokee
At the end of the War of 1812, the United States had
acquired greater control over land in the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys.
When the international slave trade was officially ended in 1808, slavery
expanded as more territory for growing cash crops became available.
In the early nineteenth century, women showed their party loyalties during the many public political celebrations by
sewing a symbol into their clothing.
What was the primary cause of the panic of 1819?
Irresponsible banking practices
When did the War of 1812 come to an end?
December 1814
At the Hartford Convention of 1814, New England Federalists called for
secession of New England from the United States.
Ordinary people were angry at the national bank’s tight-money policies because it meant that the bank
made it difficult for people to get credit.
Southern senators blocked Maine’s admission to statehood because Maine
would have given more power in the Senate to free states.
What two new parties were formed from the Democratic-Republicans when they broke up over the election of 1824?
Democrats and National Republicans
In 1815, General Andrew Jackson sparked outrage by Spanish, British, and American officials when he
bombed two British forts and killed innocent citizens in the process.
What caused economic hardship for some of the wealthiest planters in Virginia in the 1810s and 1820s?
The soil was exhausted, limiting its productive capacity.
What led to the revival of the European economy in the 1810s?
The end of the Napoleonic Wars
How did the United States ultimately secure Florida from Spain?
Spain surrendered the land rather than go to war.
What was the reputation of the Bank of the United States among elites during the 1820s?
It stabilized the economy.
John Ross invested greatly in protecting Indians from the U.S. government because he
was principal chief of the Cherokee nation.
In the War of 1812, the Cherokee
fought alongside American troops and defeated the British handily.
What region(s) of the country supported President Madison’s reelection during the War of 1812?
West and South because he was for the war
The House of Representatives rejected Missouri’s application for statehood in 1819 because
Missouri wanted to be a slave state.
What ensured the 1828 election of John Adams after the near three-way tie in the electoral college?
Henry Clay, who came in fourth, asked his supporters to endorse Adams.
Which candidate for the presidency in 1828 ran as a man of the people, emphasizing his humble origins and hoping to appeal to small farmers and northern workers?
Andrew Jackson
What product fueled the U.S. industrial expansion of the 1810s?
Cotton
According to the passage, why does Tecumseh blame the United States for the “injury” and “mischief” committed by other Indians?
“You try to force the red people to do some injury. It is you that is pushing them on to do mischief. You endeavor to make distinctions, you wish to prevent the Indians to do as we wish them: to unite and let them consider their land as the common property of the whole. . . .
The reason I tell you this is you want by your distinctions of Indian tribes in allotting to each a particular track of land to make them to war with each other. You never see an Indian come and endeavour to make the white people do so. You are continually driving the red people when at last you will drive them into the great Lake where they can’t eather stand or work.”
The Americans encouraged divisions among different Indian groups.
According to the passages, how does Timothy Claimright’s assessment of the dangers of slavery under the Missouri Compromise differ from Thomas Jefferson’s?
“Ordained by God against slavery to fight.
And Heaven born liberty sooner than yield,
The whites of Missouri shall dress their own field.
We are hardy and healthy, can till our own soil
In labour delight; make a pleasure of toil.
They too lazy to work, drive slaves, whom they fear;
We school our own children, and brew our own beer.
We do a day’s work and go fearless to bed;
Tho’ lock’d up, they dream of slaves, whom they dread.
They may boast of their blacks; we boast of our plenty
And swear to be free, eighteen hundred and twenty.”
-Timothy Claimright
“The cession of that kind of property [slavery], for so it is misnamed, is a bagatelle [an insignificant thing] which would not cost me a second thought, if, in that way, a general emancipation and expatriation could be effected; and, gradually, and with due sacrifices, I think it might be. But as it is, we have the wolf by the ears, and we can neither hold him, nor safely let him go. Justice is in one scale, and self-preservation in the other.” -Thomas Jefferson
Jefferson is afraid that abolishing slavery is too dangerous, but Claimright thinks that slavery itself is a greater cause for slave owners to fear.
What policy approved by Congress promoted racist legislation at the state and federal level?
Separate legal codes for blacks
