Chapter 1 : Mapping Global Frontiers Quiz #1 Flashcards
In their 1507 map and globe entitled Universalis Cosmographia, Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann had a body of land between the African and Asian continents estimating the geography of what we know know to be
The Americas
What luxury item from the Far East lured European traders to its shores for centuries ?
Spices
What happened to people in smaller farming and herding societies of western and central Africa when they were conquered by expanding kingdoms ?
members were dolf as salves within Africa for profit
For whom was the territory of Virginia named ?
Queen Elizabeth
Which European explorer introduced coal and spices to Europe after travelign to China in the 1270s ?
Marco Polo
How did Columbus’s crew and the native inhabitants of the Americans communiticate with one another ?
although they didn’t speak the same language, they were able to communicate using visual cues and gestures
Who sailed around the Cape of Good Hope, demonstrating the possibility of traveling from the Atlantic to the Indian Ocean ?
Bartolomeu Dias
Why did the first American settlers cross the Bering Strait into the North American continent ?
they were following herds of ixen and rhinoceroses
What did Columbus hope to achieve by taking captured Indians back to Spain ?
He wanted to teach them Spanish
Why did the diet of the North Americas change about 10,000 years ago ?
Mammoths and other large game dissappeared from their habitat, causing North Americans to rely on smaller game, fish, and plant foods to survive
When he set out to sail across the Atlantic on his “enterprise of the Indies,” what was Columbus’s chief occupation ?
Navigator
What materials did the Mayans use to protect themselves from Spanish invaders in the 1500s ?
Cotton armor and wooden arrows
In what economic sector did many of sixteenth-century Spain’s poor find employment ?
Army
What forces brought about the decline of the Mayan Civilization ?
Drought
How many people lived in North America when European explorers landed there in the sixteenth century ?
over 6 million
Where was Beringia, the land bridge that enabled the settlement of the Americas between 16,000 and 14,000 B.C.E ?
between Siberia and Alaska
Why were some church officals against the Spanish pillaging and plundering of the americas ?
Native Americans were not converting to Catholicism
What development marked the expansion of the slave trade from west africa ?
the construction of Elmina Castle
What region had the most extensice network of slave-trading centers in the medieval period ?
Middle East
Who authorized Cortes to attack Native Americans and claim their land ?
He decided to do it on his own
What region of Africa was deeply influenced by Islam and characterized by significant urbanization and an extensive network of tading centers ?
North Africa
What was the key to Incan survival in the Andes Mountains along the Pacific coast ?
Cultivation of valleys
Between 1346 and 1350 the Black Death ravaged Europe, killing about how many people ?
36 million people (50 percent of population)
Which Spanish explorer achieved a reputation for brutality and gained his wealth by trading in Inian slaves and looting native treasures ?
Hernando de Soto
From what European country did the ill-fated settles of Roanoke come ?
England
What European power claimed rights to the Philippine islands ?
Spain
Starting in the sixteenth century, Europeans fromed an image of Africa based on captives from which region of the continent ?
west
In what part of the Americas did the Arawak and Taino tribes live when the Spanish explorers arrived in the sixteenth century ?
The Caribbean
The first europeans to discover lands in the western atlantic were
norsemen
What is the name historians have given to the transfer of flora, fauna, and disease from Europe to the Americas that resulted in the deaths of millions of native people ?
Columbian Exchange
How did the Aztecs’, Mayans’, and the Incas’ commerical practices influence the development of their tansportation systems ?
b/c they carried out most o their commerce overland or along rivers and coastlines, they did not need to build seagoing boats
Weak monarchies and religious and political strife in both France and England during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries led to which country’s domination of the Americas?
Spain
Who first migrated to and populated the Americas over 13,000 years ago ?
Asians
What crop enabled the expansion of the Hopewell people, an advanced Native American culture that developed around the Mississippi River ?
Corn
How did the Universalis Cosmographia, by Martin Waldseemüller and Mathias Ringmann, differ from previous maps of the world?
it was the first european map to depict the Americas and Asia as separate
What civilization developed the ability to print with wood blocks, leading to the widespread use of woodcut pictures throughout Europe in the fifteenth century?
Chinese
Mayan astronomers were known for the development of a system for
predicting eclipses of the sun and moon
How did Tlaxcalan artists portray Malintzin ?
as a powerful diplomat
In the sixteenth century, which society was organized along matrilineal lines ?
African
What native American people built the capitcal Tenochtitlan on the site of present-day Mexico City ?
Aztecs
What share of their loot did Spanish explorers have to turn over to the crown for taxes?
About 20 percent of the take
What conditions enabled the cultural Renaissance to emerge in the wake of the Black Death?
An improved climate, a higher standard of living for the surviving populations, and rising birthrates
When Columbus’s ship landed on the island he named San Salvador, how did the local “Indians” treat his crew?
The islanders warmly welcomed the new visitors.
Why did the Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés and his Spanish counterparts decide to go to war with the Aztecs and their leader, Montezuma?
The Aztecs had gold and other riches.
Why did the French first abandon the settlement of Quebec?
harsh weather
Why did Christopher Columbus’s crew nearly mutiny on his voyage from Spain?
They did not see land after more than four weeks at sea.
Who financed England’s earliest ventures to North America?
Noblemen
Why did the Spanish explorer Hernán Cortés and his Spanish counterparts decide to go to war with the Aztecs and their leader, Montezuma?
The Aztecs had gold and other riches.
As slaves to Mexica merchants, what kind of work did many young Indian women spend their time doing?
Agricultural work
