Chapter 13

Question 1

What effect did the presence of Union troops in the South have on slaves?

Answer 1

It offered them hope and the taste of freedom.

Question 2

According to the passage by Robert Toombs, why must slavery “expand or perish?”

“In 1790 we had less than eight hundred thousand slaves. Under our mild and humane administration of the system they have increased above four millions. The country has expanded to meet this growing want, and Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Kentucky, Tennessee, and Missouri have received this increasing tide of African labor; before the end of this century, at precisely the same rate of increase, the Africans among us in a subordinate condition will amount to eleven millions of persons. What shall be done with them? We must expand or perish. . . . The North understand it better—they have told us for twenty years that their object was to pen up slavery within its present limits—surround it with a border of free States, and like the scorpion surrounded with fire, they will make it sting itself to death.”

Answer 2

To prevent the slave population from growing too large in existing slave states

Question 3

Victory in what bloody battle opened up the Mississippi valley to Union troops?

Answer 3

Battle of Shiloh

Question 4

With the election of Abraham Lincoln, southern slaveholders

Answer 4

felt he jeopardized the future of slavery.

Question 5

What did the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution achieve?

Answer 5

The abolition of slavery and involuntary servitude

Question 6

Early in the war, why was Lincoln’s greatest fear that the war would be perceived as one against slavery rather than one in defense of the Union?

Answer 6

The four slave states in the Union might secede.

Question 7

What experience turned many Union soldiers into abolitionists?

Answer 7

Witnessing slavery firsthand throughout the South

Question 8

What were the terms of Field Order Number 15 issued by General William T. Sherman?

Answer 8

Former slaves were allocated 400,000 acres of former Confederate land.

Question 9

What was the first established group of African American soldiers to fight in the Civil War?

Answer 9

First Kansas Colored Volunteers

Question 10

Southerners were opposed to forced service in the Confederate army because they

Answer 10

felt it undermined the tradition of states’ rights.

Question 11

As Civil War fighting began, northern politicians and editors predicted

Answer 11

a quick and lopsided struggle.

Question 12

How did most Northerners respond to Lincoln’s call for war?

Answer 12

They rushed to support the president and the war effort.

Question 13

As Sherman’s troops marched across the South, thousands of slaves joined them, so the troops

Answer 13

refused to take the slaves north with them.

Question 14

What consequence would secession have for the relationship between whites and blacks in the South?

Answer 14

Whites would gain total control over blacks.

Question 15

In what parts of the United States was slavery abolished under the Emancipation Proclamation?

Answer 15

Only in the Confederate states

Question 16

Secession by the first seven states created anxiety for northern textile manufacturers because they feared

Answer 16

the permanent loss of the cotton crop.

Question 17

The civilians who traveled from Washington, D.C., to Virginia to view the first major battle of the Civil War found that

Answer 17

they had to flee for their lives to escape Confederate artillery.

Question 18

Northern manufacturing recovered from the loss of southern cotton by

Answer 18

producing woolen clothing.

Question 19

When Union forces took control of Atlanta, Georgia, it

Answer 19

cut the South in two and ensured its defeat.

Question 20

On what basis did the Emancipation Proclamation justify the abolition of slavery?

Answer 20

Military grounds

Question 21

Which racial groups made up the Union army prior to April 1862?

Answer 21

Everyone except for African Americans

Question 22

Who authorized the creation of a national currency during the war?

Answer 22

Congress

Question 23

What effect did the Civil War have on the economy of the North?

Answer 23

Production, efficiency, and jobs all increased.

Question 24

What purpose did photographs such as these serve during the Civil War?

Answer 24

They served as propaganda to improve morale or inspire anger toward the enemy.

Question 25

The Union responded to the early string of defeats by

Answer 25

ordering a blockade of southern deep-water ports.

Question 26

During the Civil War, American Indians were

Answer 26

divided, and various tribes fought on either side.

Question 27

In 1863, what development caused four days of the worst rioting Americans had yet seen?

Answer 27

The draft law

Question 28

What necessity were many soldiers without as they rushed into battle during the Civil War?

Answer 28

Shoes

Question 29

What led to the acceptance of women serving as military nurses?

Answer 29

There was a severe shortage of nurses and doctors.

Question 30

Free blacks in the North responded to the Emancipation Proclamation with

Answer 30

celebrations at churches across the North.

Question 31

When the Union referred to fugitive slaves as “contraband” of war, it meant they were

Answer 31

property forfeited by slaveholders in the act of rebellion.

Question 32

How did the outcome of the Civil War affect the rights of blacks in America?

Answer 32

Laws requiring favorable treatment of blacks trickled in.

Question 33

Why were southern slaveholders anxious about the loyalty of white Southerners who did not own slaves?

Answer 33

Non-slaveholders not only did not benefit from slavery, but slavery actually undermined their economic opportunities.

Question 34

General Robert E. Lee was motivated to attack Union forces in Pennsylvania because he

Answer 34

had defeated a Union force twice the size of his own in Virginia.

Question 35

How did the Civil War efforts of women in the South differ from those in the North?

Answer 35

Southern women engaged in individual, uncoordinated efforts to help.

Question 36

To try to prevent border states, such as Maryland, Delaware, Missouri, and Kentucky, from seceding, Lincoln

Answer 36

jailed secessionists, arrested sympathetic state legislators, and limited the press.

Question 37

During the Civil War, northern farmers and workers

Answer 37

worked harder than ever and suffered tremendously.

Question 38

Advocates of secession claimed the federal government failed to enforce what key laws protecting the rights of slaveholders?

Answer 38

Fugitive Slave Act and Dred Scott decision

Question 39

What is meant by the phrase “war of attrition”?

Answer 39

The larger, better supplied side wears down its opponents slowly.

Question 40

How did changing technologies of weaponry affect the Civil War?

Answer 40

New conical shaped bullets made rifles more accurate and deadly.

Question 41

What was the United States’ largest employer at the end of the Civil War?

Answer 41

The federal government

Question 42

Because of repeated losses in battle, the North became

Answer 42

emboldened and turned against slavery more than ever.

Question 43

Why was the secession of Virginia so significant?

Answer 43

Virginia was home to the South’s largest iron manufacturer.

Question 44

As the Civil War approached its final stages, General Ulysses S. Grant

Answer 44

embraced a strategy of total war, attacking both civilian and military targets.