Chapter 2 : Colonization and Conflicts Flashcards
In the seventeenth century, what crop became the most lucrative for West Indies planters?
sugarcane
Successful long-term colonization in North America required
permanment settlement
As newly elected governor of the Jamestown colony, John Smith ordered the English settlers to
intimidate the indians and to do their own farming
The Virginia Company in the early seventeenth century covered what present-day region?
New York and North Carolina
Anne Hutchinson and John Cotton preached a covenant of grace, which means
people have to rely solely on God’s grace and have no individual choice in their salvation.
What enabled the English to defeat the Spanish attack ordered in 1588 by King Philip II?
The Dutch provided the English with smaller, more maneuverable ships.
When the Dutch established their trading center on the Hudson River in present-day New York, who did they want to trade with?
Iroquois to the west
Which English settlement became the largest economic engine of English colonization in the early seventeenth century?
West Indies
What strategy did Smith and the Virginia Company develop to save the colony and recruit new settlers that resulted in 600 new inhabitants arriving at the colony in June 1609?
They recruited indentured servants from across Europe.
What was the first written constitution adopted in North America?
The Mayflower Compact
When indentured servants suffered mistreatment, they had the right to
sue their master or mistress in court
Why did the French establish a fortified settlement at Montreal in 1643?
to extent their fur trade west
What compelled Algonquians to kill and eat Dutch livestock in seventeenth-century New Netherlands?
Europeans’ pigs and cattle ate from Algonquian cornfields.
In what early North American colony did settlers interact and fight with Indian Chief Powhatan?
Virginia
What caused the survivors of the “starving time” at Jamestown to abandon their plans to return to England?
Supply ships arrived as they were departing.
How did English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, survive in the early years?
They received a considerable amount of food from Indians.
Which European country with Catholic rulers rejected an alliance with Spain and aimed to exploit their military defeats?
France
What natural force minimized the spread of disease among English settlers in Plymouth?
Harsh, cold winters and a generally cool climate
How did the Protestant Reformation affect the competition among European powers in the colonization of the Americas?
It allowed Portugal to begin colonizing portions of Brazil.
Samuel de Champlain founded the first permanent French settlement in North America in 1608 in the area now known as
Quebec
The Indians of the Powhatan Confederacy (located near the English settlement of Virginia) spoke what language?
Algonquian
What ultimately convinced the English to keep supporting their colony in Virginia?
development of a cash crop
According to the passage, why did some Hurons believe that the “Black Robes”—Jesuit priests—were responsible for widespread deaths in their villages?
“It’s the Black Robes who are making us die by their spells. Listen to me, I will prove it by reasons that you will recognize as true. They set themselves up in a village where everyone is feeling fine; no sooner are they there, but everyone dies except for three or four people. They move to another place, and the same thing happens. They visit cabins in other villages, and only those where they have not entered are exempt from death and illness. Don’t you see that when they move their lips in what they call prayer, spells are coming out of their mouths?”
Disease outbreaks often coincided with missionary visits to Huron villages.
If a female indentured servant became pregnant while still under servitude, the master typically
extended her term by two years
