chapter 10 Flashcards
As maintained by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, in a theocracy,
the entire community is governed by religious leaders.
What vital means of communication connected Baltimore to Washington, D.C., in 1844?
The telegraph
Which age group was drawn to urban life in the 1840s and 1850s?
The young
What was referred to as the Second Great Awakening?
Southern-style campfires and meetings of evangelical Christians
Why did Protestant workingmen embrace the temperance movement?
It allowed them to differentiate themselves from Irishmen
Emerging in the 1830s, transcendentalists believed the power of the Universal Being was accessible through
nature
Why were free blacks the most vocal advocates of abolition prior to the 1830s?
Most whites didn’t really care about slavery for a long time
Utopian leader Robert Dale Owen was set apart from his counterparts because he
embraced activism in the larger world and held elected office.
What pressures made labor organizations fragile and vulnerable in the 1830s?
Differences among the members
Which nineteenth-century utopian society was known for its unconventional attitudes toward sex and sexuality?
Oneida
How did middle-class women acquire shoes and cloth by the mid-nineteenth century?
They purchased them factory-made from shops.
What vital means of transportation invented in the 1830s served to whisk wealthy city-dwellers away from their poor neighbors and out into the suburbs and countryside whenever possible?
Horse-drawn streetcars
The almshouse and workhouse in the nineteenth century were intended to
ensure that poor people were working and no one was given a free ride.
In the mid-nineteenth century, what inspired so many middle-class Protestants to participate in reform movements?
They believed in a social gospel.
The purpose of the Underground Railroad was to
transport fugitive slaves safely to freedom.
What was the position of the group of Americans who took the name “nativists” in the 1840s?
Immigration should be stopped, especially of Irish people.
The abolitionist convictions of Sarah and Angelina Grimké carried particular weight because they were
Southerners.
What traditional leisure activity of the wealthy became accessible to the working class during the 1830s?
Theater
Why was the work of minister Charles Finney especially important and influential in Rochester, New York?
Finney converted many of the city’s most influential people to a life of faith.
Which leading writer of the mid-nineteenth century founded transcendentalism?
Ralph Waldo Emerson
What were central to a middle-class woman’s identity during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?
Childrearing and homemaking
First established in 1787, what set Unitarians apart from other Christian denominations?
They valued a rational approach to the divine.
Who served as the primary labor force in mid-nineteenth-century textile mills?
Girls and women from rural areas
When conditions in textile factory towns changed in the 1830s, workers responded by
organizing numerous strikes, hoping to compel the owners to heed their demands.
What was the purpose of the General Trades Union, a citywide federation formed in New York City in 1834?
To provide support for striking workers
What was the larger impact of the creation of the Free-Soil Party that swallowed up the Liberty Party?
It raised the fear that the debate over slavery could not be contained.
What is the founding text of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints?
The Book of Mormon
What was the main role for women in the temperance movement?
To encourage family members to stop drinking
How did the shift from craft to factory work in the mid-nineteenth century affect workingmen?
The skills and pay of workingmen were threatened.
By 1850, of the ten most populous urban centers in the United States, only two of them were located in the
South.
Who authored the pamphlet Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens, outlining black radicalism in 1829?
David Walker
What two ideas did Margaret Fuller combine in her famous book Woman in the Nineteenth Century?
Transcendentalism and women’s rights
Who organized the 1855 Rum Riot in Portland, Maine, in response to restrictions on the production or sale of alcohol?
Irish workers
Which denomination ministered primarily to laboring men and women in the mid-nineteenth century?
Methodist
Congregationalist ministers in Massachusetts criticized the Grimkés for their speeches in the 1830s because the
Grimkés were women speaking to a mixed crowd of men and women.
What effect did the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 have on the state of New York?
Rochester became the state’s fastest-growing city, even outpacing New York City.
What effect did the Second Great Awakening have on the temperance movement in the mid-nineteenth century?
It gave great momentum to the temperance movement
Which Americans were deemed “worthy” of public assistance in the 1840s?
Women and children of all backgrounds
What group founded the American Temperance Society in 1826?
Businessmen and clergymen
What led New England farm girls to resign from working in the mills and return to their family farms in the 1840s?
Working conditions became increasingly unbearable.
In the 1840s, Washingtonian societies were groups of
men who were trying to stop drinking.
What groups immigrated in record numbers to the United States between 1820 and 1850?
europeans
What kind of work was readily available for free black men in the 1840s?
Maritime work
What effect did Anglo-American culture have on the lives of Seneca and other Indian women in the 1840s?
They lost traditional landowning and decision-making rights as they adopted Anglo-American traditions.
Why did some utopian communities, including the one established by George Ripley in Massachusetts, develop a plan where people were paid according to how their jobs contributed to the community’s well-being?
It was key to building community in a capitalist society.
