chapter 10

Question 1

As maintained by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, in a theocracy,

Answer 1

the entire community is governed by religious leaders.

Question 2

What vital means of communication connected Baltimore to Washington, D.C., in 1844?

Answer 2

The telegraph

Question 3

Which age group was drawn to urban life in the 1840s and 1850s?

Answer 3

The young

Question 4

What was referred to as the Second Great Awakening?

Answer 4

Southern-style campfires and meetings of evangelical Christians

Question 5

Why did Protestant workingmen embrace the temperance movement?

Answer 5

It allowed them to differentiate themselves from Irishmen

Question 6

Emerging in the 1830s, transcendentalists believed the power of the Universal Being was accessible through

Answer 6

nature

Question 7

Why were free blacks the most vocal advocates of abolition prior to the 1830s?

Answer 7

Most whites didn’t really care about slavery for a long time

Question 8

Utopian leader Robert Dale Owen was set apart from his counterparts because he

Answer 8

embraced activism in the larger world and held elected office.

Question 9

What pressures made labor organizations fragile and vulnerable in the 1830s?

Answer 9

Differences among the members

Question 10

Which nineteenth-century utopian society was known for its unconventional attitudes toward sex and sexuality?

Answer 10

Oneida

Question 11

How did middle-class women acquire shoes and cloth by the mid-nineteenth century?

Answer 11

They purchased them factory-made from shops.

Question 12

What vital means of transportation invented in the 1830s served to whisk wealthy city-dwellers away from their poor neighbors and out into the suburbs and countryside whenever possible?

Answer 12

Horse-drawn streetcars

Question 13

The almshouse and workhouse in the nineteenth century were intended to

Answer 13

ensure that poor people were working and no one was given a free ride.

Question 14

In the mid-nineteenth century, what inspired so many middle-class Protestants to participate in reform movements?

Answer 14

They believed in a social gospel.

Question 15

The purpose of the Underground Railroad was to

Answer 15

transport fugitive slaves safely to freedom.

Question 16

What was the position of the group of Americans who took the name “nativists” in the 1840s?

Answer 16

Immigration should be stopped, especially of Irish people.

Question 17

The abolitionist convictions of Sarah and Angelina Grimké carried particular weight because they were

Answer 17

Southerners.

Question 18

What traditional leisure activity of the wealthy became accessible to the working class during the 1830s?

Answer 18

Theater

Question 19

Why was the work of minister Charles Finney especially important and influential in Rochester, New York?

Answer 19

Finney converted many of the city’s most influential people to a life of faith.

Question 20

Which leading writer of the mid-nineteenth century founded transcendentalism?

Answer 20

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 21

What were central to a middle-class woman’s identity during the middle decades of the nineteenth century?

Answer 21

Childrearing and homemaking

Question 22

First established in 1787, what set Unitarians apart from other Christian denominations?

Answer 22

They valued a rational approach to the divine.

Question 23

Who served as the primary labor force in mid-nineteenth-century textile mills?

Answer 23

Girls and women from rural areas

Question 24

When conditions in textile factory towns changed in the 1830s, workers responded by

Answer 24

organizing numerous strikes, hoping to compel the owners to heed their demands.

Question 25

What was the purpose of the General Trades Union, a citywide federation formed in New York City in 1834?

Answer 25

To provide support for striking workers

Question 26

What was the larger impact of the creation of the Free-Soil Party that swallowed up the Liberty Party?

Answer 26

It raised the fear that the debate over slavery could not be contained.

Question 27

What is the founding text of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints?

Answer 27

The Book of Mormon

Question 28

What was the main role for women in the temperance movement?

Answer 28

To encourage family members to stop drinking

Question 29

How did the shift from craft to factory work in the mid-nineteenth century affect workingmen?

Answer 29

The skills and pay of workingmen were threatened.

Question 30

By 1850, of the ten most populous urban centers in the United States, only two of them were located in the

Answer 30

South.

Question 31

Who authored the pamphlet Appeal . . . to the Colored Citizens, outlining black radicalism in 1829?

Answer 31

David Walker

Question 32

What two ideas did Margaret Fuller combine in her famous book Woman in the Nineteenth Century?

Answer 32

Transcendentalism and women’s rights

Question 33

Who organized the 1855 Rum Riot in Portland, Maine, in response to restrictions on the production or sale of alcohol?

Answer 33

Irish workers

Question 34

Which denomination ministered primarily to laboring men and women in the mid-nineteenth century?

Answer 34

Methodist

Question 35

Congregationalist ministers in Massachusetts criticized the Grimkés for their speeches in the 1830s because the

Answer 35

Grimkés were women speaking to a mixed crowd of men and women.

Question 36

What effect did the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825 have on the state of New York?

Answer 36

Rochester became the state’s fastest-growing city, even outpacing New York City.

Question 37

What effect did the Second Great Awakening have on the temperance movement in the mid-nineteenth century?

Answer 37

It gave great momentum to the temperance movement

Question 38

Which Americans were deemed “worthy” of public assistance in the 1840s?

Answer 38

Women and children of all backgrounds

Question 39

What group founded the American Temperance Society in 1826?

Answer 39

Businessmen and clergymen

Question 40

What led New England farm girls to resign from working in the mills and return to their family farms in the 1840s?

Answer 40

Working conditions became increasingly unbearable.

Question 41

In the 1840s, Washingtonian societies were groups of

Answer 41

men who were trying to stop drinking.

Question 42

What groups immigrated in record numbers to the United States between 1820 and 1850?

Answer 42

europeans

Question 43

What kind of work was readily available for free black men in the 1840s?

Answer 43

Maritime work

Question 44

What effect did Anglo-American culture have on the lives of Seneca and other Indian women in the 1840s?

Answer 44

They lost traditional landowning and decision-making rights as they adopted Anglo-American traditions.

Question 45

Why did some utopian communities, including the one established by George Ripley in Massachusetts, develop a plan where people were paid according to how their jobs contributed to the community’s well-being?

Answer 45

It was key to building community in a capitalist society.