Chapter 8 : Flashcards
What development enabled Scots-Irish Presbyterians to cement their place in American society?
Frontier colleges
What culture inspired Washington Irving’s writing, especially “Rip Van Winkle” and “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”?
Dutch American culture
What did Thomas Jefferson believe was key to America’s ability to develop a unique culture and institutions?
Distance from Europe
The power of judicial review, established by the Supreme Court by 1820, was significant to the development of the young nation because it
determined that the judiciary was as powerful as Congress or the president.
What specifically American dilemmas were at the heart of the plays and essays produced by the Hartford Wits, a young literary group?
The role of the central government in a democratic republic
Eli Whitney earned a fortune with the invention of the
rifling lathe.
What did Noah Webster hope to achieve with the publication of his first book?
Uniform spelling and pronunciation for all
How did Anglo-American attitudes toward Indians differ from those toward African Americans in the late eighteenth century?
Anglos believed that Indians were more similar to whites and could be assimilated.
What act or case determined that the Supreme Court had the authority to decide if federal laws were constitutional?
Marbury v. Madison
In the 1810s, what region of the United States was home to a vast series of cotton mills built to look like meetinghouses?
New England
According to the passages, why does Thomas Jefferson express greater confidence about the chances of suppressing slave insurgency in Virginia than Leonora Sansay does about suppressing it in Haiti?
“The legislature of the state, at a subsequent meeting, took the subject into consideration, and have communicated to me . . . their wish that some place could be provided, out of the limits of the U.S., to which slaves guilty of insurgency might be transported; and they have particularly looked to Africa as offering the most desirable receptacle.” – Thomas Jefferson, 1802
“The negroes have felt during ten years the blessing of liberty, for a blessing it certainly is, however acquired, and then will not easily be deprived of it. They have fought and vanquished French troops, and their strength has increased from a knowledge of the weakness of their opposer, and the climate itself combats for them . . .” –Leonora Sansay, 1802
American troops were tougher than their French counterparts.
Where was the capital city prior to the construction of the new capital in Washington, D.C.?
Philadelphia
The end of the international slave trade in 1808 meant that U.S. slaves were
given more adequate food and shelter.
Jefferson was popular among farmers when he stood for reelection in 1804 because he
made it easier for farmers to purchase land from the federal government.
How did President Thomas Jefferson create a vibrant social culture in Washington, D.C.?
He opened the White House to visitors regularly.
The rapid growth of the United States in the early nineteenth century
required the expansion of powers of the federal government.
What percentage of households of middling wealth owned books by 1820?
80 percent
The technological advancements in the production of clothing meant the typical southern plantation mistress
increasingly served as domestic managers and divided the tasks of clothing production and other household duties among her servants and slaves.
Napoleon wanted to unload the entire Louisiana Territory on the United States because
his defeat in Haiti had soured him on the Americas.
What caused most slave owners to refuse to emancipate their slaves in the 1790s?
The expansion of cotton production
Why was the invention of the cotton gin such a big deal?
One person operating a cotton gin could clean as much cotton in one hour as several workers could clean by hand in a day.
What was the most common practice among southern planters to increase their slave population after 1808?
Reliance on natural reproduction
How did the Embargo Act undermine Jefferson’s reputation as a strong Democratic-Republican?
Jefferson’s Democratic-Republican views were contradicted by the Embargo Act.
The Louisiana Purchase raised constitutional questions regarding the
right of the federal government to buy land from foreign nations.
What was Thomas Jefferson’s opinion of the nation’s extensive frontiers?
It was key to future national development.
Why was John Marshall one of the most important chief justices of the Supreme Court in U.S. history?
He led hearings on cases that established the structure of the federal government.
Who established the American Colonization Society in 1817?
Southern slave owners and northern merchants
What region lagged behind the others in providing opportunities for public education for children before the Revolution?
South
Jefferson supported political revolutions in America and France but not Haiti because the Haitian Revolution
challenged racial slavery and encouraged black freedom
What did the continued practice of impressment of American sailors by the British Royal Navy signal in the nineteenth century?
The United States was still politically weak.
What helped the American economy recover from the Embargo Act?
Development of the Louisiana Purchase
What happened when Jefferson refused to continue paying the Barbary States of North Africa for protection of American merchant ships?
Barbary pirates resumed their attack on American ships.
What impact did the invention of the cotton gin have on slavery?
Cotton plantations expanded, which increased reliance on slavery.
How did technological advances affect the lives of both free and enslaved men and women?
It added to their burdens by increasing employer expectations.
What was Jefferson’s philosophy about the role of government?
Federal power should be limited.
How did Indians assist the expedition of Lewis and Clark?
Indians lived throughout the territory and provided food, shelter, and navigation assistance.
What university established the nation’s first medical school?
The University of Pennsylvania
How did the expansion of cotton cultivation affect Indian relations?
Tensions were aggravated because whites wanted more and more Indian land for cotton.
What position did nineteenth-century writer Washington Irving take on Indian-English conflicts?
He challenged colonial accounts that celebrated white atrocities.
The Library Company of Philadelphia commissioned Samuel Jennings to paint Liberty Displaying the Arts and Sciences to advance the position that:
Slavery should be abolished.
Who built the Capitol Building in Washington, D.C.?
Both slaves and free workers
New England merchants responded to the Embargo Act of 1807
by opposing it and attempting to smuggle goods through Canada.
