Chapter 14

Question 1

What two forces drove many freed blacks from the South during Reconstruction?

Answer 1

Economic hardship and racial bigotry

Question 2

What was the effect of the black codes passed in the South following the Civil War?

Answer 2

Free blacks were effectively reenslaved by a separate legal system that restricted them.

Question 3

The Knights of the Ku Klux Klan was formed in Tennessee in 1865 as a way to

Answer 3

bring together whites of all classes.

Question 4

Lincoln’s “Ten Percent Plan” during Reconstruction meant that 10 percent of

Answer 4

eligible southern voters were required to pledge allegiance to the United States.

Question 5

Why did ardent abolitionists, such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, fight against the Fourteenth Amendment?

Answer 5

It described citizens in the Constitution as “male.”

Question 6

Why did black churches become such important community institutions following the Civil War?

Answer 6

Black churches were large structures that hosted many other organizations.

Question 7

Why did the federal government use legislation to try to break up the Ku Klux Klan?

Answer 7

Federal legislation could create lasting change.

Question 7

Which group was disproportionately blamed for increasing taxes during Reconstruction?

Answer 7

Black officials

Question 8

Why did some slaves not find out about emancipation for months, even years, after the Civil War ended?

Answer 8

Their masters, especially in remote locations, withheld the news.

Question 9

How did southern whites respond to the end of the Civil War?

Answer 9

With fear and humiliation

Question 10

The Wade-Davis bill proposed by Congress for reunification of the North and South required

Answer 10

50 percent of southern voters to pledge allegiance to the United States.

Question 11

What proved to be the number-one priority among newly freed slaves?

Answer 11

Reuniting their families

Question 12

What message was sent by Lincoln’s plan for reunion and reconstruction?

Answer 12

The country had best move forward and minimize conflict between North and South.

Question 13

Why was the power to make family decisions so important to newly freed slaves?

Answer 13

African American families were often destroyed under slavery.

Question 14

What effect did Supreme Court rulings in cases such as Slaughterhouse (1873) and United States v. Cruikshank (1876) have on black civil rights?

Answer 14

These cases narrowed the Fourteenth Amendment, reducing black civil rights.

Question 15

When southern Democrats referred to a Northerner who had moved to the South following the Civil War as a carpetbagger, it was intended as a

Answer 15

criticism for those who came to plunder the area and then leave.

Question 16

Newly freed slaves’ expressions of joy caused proslavery southern whites to feel

Answer 16

outraged and insulted by the happiness of the freed people.

Question 16

What was the result of a loophole in the Fifteenth Amendment?

Answer 16

The law did not deny states the power to restrict suffrage.

Question 17

According to the following passage, on what basis did the freedpeople of Edisto Island expect that the federal government would allow them to retain the land they were cultivating, and which was formerly owned by slaveholders?

“We have been encouraged by government to take up these lands in small tracts, receiving Certificates of the same — we have thus far Taken Sixteen thousand (16000) acres of Land here on This Island. We are ready to pay for this land When Government calls for it and now after What has been done will the good and just government take from us all this right and make us Subject to the will of those who have cheated and Oppressed us for many years God Forbid! We the freedmen of this Island and of the State of South Carolina — Do therefore petition to you as the President of these United States, that some provisions be made by which Every colored man can purchase land. and Hold it as his own.”

Answer 17

The freedpeople were willing to pay for the land.

Question 18

As news of emancipation spread across the South after the end of the Civil War, African Americans responded by

Answer 18

celebrating in black churches and slave quarters.

Question 19

Frederick Douglass, Abby Kelley, and other activists denounced Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s bigotry because she

Answer 19

was not able to see the urgency of the situation for blacks in the South.

Question 20

Why was education so unobtainable for so many in the South, black or white, following the Civil War?

Answer 20

Funding for teachers and supplies never kept up with demand.

Question 21

What role did the Freedmen’s Bureau play in the lives of newly freed blacks?

Answer 21

It provided them with economic and legal resources.

Question 22

Which free blacks were eager to receive an education?

Answer 22

People of all ages

Question 23

What compelled free blacks to want to read the Bible themselves?

Answer 23

White preachers had claimed that the Bible taught black slavery was God’s will.

Question 24

Johnson didn’t punish former Confederate leaders for their role in causing the Civil War because he

Answer 24

believed the end of slavery was punishment enough for them.

Question 25

How did landlords exploit laborers under the sharecropping system that arose following the Civil War?

Answer 25

By charging high fees for goods and supplies

Question 26

How did the Fourteenth Amendment effectively nullify the Dred Scott decision of 1857?

Answer 26

It extended equal protection and due process to all.

Question 27

What was the outcome of federal efforts to destroy the Ku Klux Klan?

Answer 27

The Ku Klux Klan was disbanded.

Question 28

What was achieved by the Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution?

Answer 28

Slavery was abolished.

Question 29

What event effectively brought Reconstruction to an end?

Answer 29

The presidential election of 1876

Question 30

When did civilian rule return to the former Confederate states, replacing the Reconstruction governments?

Answer 30

1870

Question 31

Moderate Republicans ultimately did not agree to impeach President Johnson because they believed

Answer 31

his failings did not constitute an unwillingness to uphold the Constitution.

Question 32

What nickname was given to the many free blacks who left the South to settle en masse in Kansas?

Answer 32

Exodusters

Question 33

What attitudes prevailed among the Republican Party regarding blacks following the Civil War?

Answer 33

Blacks were not equal to whites but deserved basic protections and due process of law.

Question 34

Who served as teachers in the roughly 4,000 new schools that opened across the South following the Civil War?

Answer 34

Black and white men and women

Question 35

The term scalawag, an unflattering term meaning “scoundrels,” was applied to whom during Reconstruction?

Answer 35

Southern whites who supported Republicans

Question 36

What political position does this flier advocate?

Answer 36

Supporting the Republican president over Congress

Question 37

Following the Civil War, how did Lincoln plan to treat Confederate officials?

Answer 37

Only the most high-ranking Confederate officials would be punished.

Question 38

When civilian governments replaced Reconstruction governments in the South, a group of Democrats referred to themselves as “Redeemers” because they saved the

Answer 38

white South from Reconstruction.

Question 39

Northerners saw the punishment of Confederate leaders following the Civil War as

Answer 39

absurdly lenient, unlike that levied against opponents in other wars.

Question 40

President Lincoln’s approach to Reconstruction was motivated by a desire to

Answer 40

heal the Union and help southern blacks.

Question 41

What hardships greeted freed blacks who moved to Kansas to start life over following the Civil War?

Answer 41

Poor-quality land and unpredictable weather

Question 42

Taxes rose sharply during Reconstruction in order to

Answer 42

support education and social services.

Question 43

Why were only 25 percent of free blacks literate by 1880?

Answer 43

Opportunities to learn were still very limited.