Chapter 9

Question 1

studies how you changed as well as how you remain the same over the course of your life

Answer 1

lifespan development

Question 2

growth and changes in the body and brain, senses, motor skills, and health and wellness

Answer 2

physical development

Question 3

learning, attention, memory, language thinking, reasoning and creativity

Answer 3

cognitive development

Question 4

emotions, personality, and social relationships

Answer 4

psychosocial development

Question 5

views development as a cumulative progress, gradually improving on existing skills

Answer 5

continuous development

Question 6

views development as occurring in unique stages (specific times or ages)

Answer 6

Discontinuous development

Question 7

biology and genetics

Answer 7

nature

Question 8

environment and culture

Answer 8

nurture

Question 9

theory/person that emphasizes the social nature of development and argues that personality development takes place across the lifespan, not just childhood

Answer 9

psychosocial theory/Erik Erickson

Question 10

theory/person that focused on children’s cognitive growth and theorized that cognitive abilities develop through specific stages

Answer 10

cognitive theory/Piaget

Question 11

incorporates info into existing schemata

Answer 11

assimilation

Question 12

change schemata based on new info

Answer 12

accommodation

Question 13

proceeds of cell division

Answer 13

mitosis

Question 14

structure connected to the uterus that provides nourishment and oxygen from the monster to the embryo via the umbilical cord

Answer 14

placenta

Question 15

any environmental agent (biological, chemical, or physical) that causes damage to the developing embryo or fetus

Answer 15

teratogen

Question 16

inborn automatic responses to particular forms of stimulation (help the newborn survive)

Answer 16

newborn reflexes

Question 17

baby turns it’s head towards something that touches it’s cheek

Answer 17

rooting reflex

Question 18

Sucks on objects placed by the mouth

Answer 18

sucking reflex

Question 19

cling to objects placed in hands

Answer 19

grasping reflex

Question 20

baby spreads arms and pull them back in when they are startled/feel like they are falling

Answer 20

moro reflex

Question 21

neural pathways from thousands of new connections during infancy and toddlerhood

Answer 21

blooming period

Question 22

neural connections are reduced during childhood and adolescence to allow the brain to function more efficiently

Answer 22

pruning period

Question 23

ability to move our bodies and manipulate objects

Answer 23

motor skills

Question 24

focus on the muscles in our fingers, toes, and eyes, and enable coordination of small actions (e.g. gripping a pencil)

Answer 24

fine motor skills

Question 25

focus on large muscle groups that control arms and legs and involve larger movements (e.g. balancing,running)

Answer 25

gross motor skills

Question 26

a long-standing connection or bond with others

Answer 26

attachment

Question 27

parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as he explores his surroundings

Answer 27

secure base

Question 28

child uses the parent as a secure base from which to explore

Answer 28

secure

Question 29

unresponsive to parent, does not use the parent as a secure base, and does not care if parents leaves

Answer 29

avoidant

Question 30

show clingy behavior, but then reject mothers attempts to interact with them

Answer 30

resistant

Question 31

show odd behavior around caregiver

Answer 31

disorganized

Question 32

parents give children reasonable demands and consistent limits, express warmth and affection, and listen to the child’s point of view

Answer 32

authoritative style

Question 33

parents place a high value on conformity and obedience, are often rigid, and express little warmth to the child

Answer 33

authoritarian style

Question 34

parents make few demands are rarely use punishment

Answer 34

permissive style

Question 35

parents are indifferent, uninvolved, and sometimes referred to as neglectful; they don’t respond to the child’s needs and make relatively few demands

Answer 35

uninvolved style

Question 36

innate traits that influence how one thinks, behaves, and reacts with the environment

Answer 36

temperament

Question 37

positive emotions, adapt well to change, and capable of regulating emotions

Answer 37

easy temperament

Question 38

negative emotions, difficulty adapting to change and regulating emotions

Answer 38

difficult temperament

Question 39

process proposed by Freud in which pleasure-seeking urges focus on different erogenous zones of the body as humans move through five stages of life

Answer 39

Psychosexual development