chapter 15

Question 1

the study of psychological disorders, including their symptoms, etiology (causes), and treatment

Answer 1

psychopathology

Question 2

a condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Answer 2

psychological disorders

Question 3

appropriately identifying and labeling a set of defined symptoms

Answer 3

diagnosis

Question 4

overview of the disorder

Answer 4

diagnostic features

Question 5

specific symptoms required for diagnosis

Answer 5

diagnostic criteria

Question 6

percent of population thought to be afflicted

Answer 6

prevalence

Question 7

apprehension, avoidance, and cautiousness regarding a potential threat, danger, or other negative content

Answer 7

anxiety

Question 8

intense fear, anxiety, and avoidance of situations

Answer 8

agoraphobia

Question 9

mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations by reducing the chance of negative social outcomes

Answer 9

safety behaviors

Question 10

recurrent and unexpected panic attacks, along with at least one month of persistent concern about additional panic attacks, worry over the consequences of the attacks, or self-defeating changes in behavior related to the attacks

Answer 10

panic disorders

Question 11

a period of extreme fear or discomfort that develops abruptly and reaches a peak within 10 minutes

Answer 11

panic attack

Question 12

persistent, unintentional, and unwanted thoughts and urges that are highly intrusive, unpleasant, and distressing

Answer 12

obsessions

Question 13

repetitive and ritualistic acts, typo carried out primarily as a means to minimize the distress that obsessions trigger or to reduce the likelihood of a feared event

Answer 13

compulsions

Question 14

intense and persistent sadness is the main feature

Answer 14

depressive

Question 15

extreme elation and agitation is the main feature

Answer 15

mania

Question 16

person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year

Answer 16

seasonal pattern

Question 17

major depression during pregnancy or in the 4 weeks following the birth

Answer 17

peripartum onset (postpartum depression)

Question 18

depressed moods most of the day nearly every day for at least 2 years, as well as at least 2 of the other symptoms of major depression

Answer 18

persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)

Question 19

refers to a tendency to perceive negative life events as having stable (“it’s never going to end”) and global (“it’s going to affect my whole life”) causes

Answer 19

negative thinking

Question 20

expectation that unpleasant outcomes will occur or desired outcomes will not occur, and there is nothing one can do to prevent such outcomes (seen as the primary causes of depression)

Answer 20

hopelessness

Question 21

repetitive and passive focus on the fact that one is depressed and a dwelling in depressed symptoms, rather than distracting one’s self from the symptoms or attempting to address them in an active problem-solving manner

Answer 21

rumination

Question 22

perceptual experience that occurs in the absence of external stimulation

Answer 22

hallucinations

Question 23

beliefs that are contrary to reality

Answer 23

delusions

Question 24

disjointed and incoherent thought processes

Answer 24

disorganized thinking

Question 25

unusual behaviors/movements

Answer 25

disorganized/abnormal motor behavior

Question 26

decreased reactivity to the environment

Answer 26

catatonic behaviors

Question 27

decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, driven

Answer 27

negative symptoms

Question 28

lack of motivation to engage in self-initiated and meaningful activity

Answer 28

avolition(?)

Question 29

reduced speech output

Answer 29

alogia

Question 30

social withdrawal

Answer 30

asociality

Question 31

inability to experience pleasure

Answer 31

anhedonia

Question 32

an over abundance of dopamine or too many dopamine receptors are responsible for the onset and maintenance of schizophrenia

Answer 32

dopamine hypothesis

Question 33

inability to recall importance personal info

Answer 33

dissociative amnesia

Question 34

individual suddenly wanders away from home, experiences confusion about their identity, and in some cases may adopt a new identity

Answer 34

dissociative fatigue

Question 35

characterized by recurring episodes of depersonalization, derealization, or both

Answer 35

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 36

feelings of ‘unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, one’s whole self or from aspects of the self”

Answer 36

depersonalization

Question 37

a sense of “unreality or detachment from, or unfamiliarity with, inanimate objects, or all surroundings”

Answer 37

derealization

Question 38

individual exhibits 2 or more separate personalities or identities; formerly multiple personality disorders

Answer 38

dissociative identity disorder