Chapter 8

Question 1

an information progressing system like a computer

Answer 1

memory

Question 2

the input of info into the memory system

Answer 2

encoding

Question 3

the retention of the encoded info

Answer 3

storing

Question 4

getting the info out of the memory and back into awareness

Answer 4

retrieval

Question 5

encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words

Answer 5

automatic progressing

Question 6

encoding of details that takes time and effort

Answer 6

effortful processing

Question 7

encoding of words and their meanings

Answer 7

semantic encoding

Question 8

encoding of images

Answer 8

visual encoding

Question 9

encoding of sounds

Answer 9

acoustic encoding

Question 10

the tendency for an individual to have better memory for info that relates to oneself in comparison to material that has less personal relevance

Answer 10

self-reference effect

Question 11

the creation of a permanent record of info

Answer 11

store

Question 12

model that believes that info is passed through 3 distinct stages in order for it to be stored in long-term memory (sensory input ➡️ sensory memory ➡️ short term memory ➡️ long term memory)

Answer 12

atkinson-shifting model of memory

Question 13

storage of brief sensory events discharge as sight, sounds, and tastes

Answer 13

Sensory memory

Question 14

an effect that was discovered while studying sensory memory, and it describes why it is difficult for us to name a color when the word and the color of the word are different

Answer 14

stroop effect

Question 15

a temporary storage system that progresses incoming sensory memory

Answer 15

short-term memory/working memory

Question 16

transfer of STM to long-term memory

Answer 16

memory consolidation

Question 17

the conscious repetition of info to be remembered

Answer 17

rehearsal

Question 18

the continuous storage of info

Answer 18

long-term memory (LTM)

Question 19

info about events we have personally experienced

Answer 19

episodic

Question 20

memories of facts and events we can consciously remember and recall/declare

Answer 20

explicit (declarative) memory

Question 21

memories that are not part of our environment

Answer 21

implicit memories

Question 22

stores info about how to do things

Answer 22

procedural

Question 23

being able to access info without cues

Answer 23

recall

Question 24

being able to identify info that you have previously learned after encountering it again

Answer 24

recognition

Question 25

learning info that you previously learned

Answer 25

relearning

Question 26

if part of one area of the brain involved in memory is damaged, another part of the same area can take over that memory function

Answer 26

equipotentiality hypothesis

Question 27

strong emotions trigger the formation of strong memories and weaker emotional experiences form weaker memories

Answer 27

arousal theory

Question 28

a record of an atypical and unusual event that has very strong emotional associations

Answer 28

flash bulb memory

Question 29

the loss of long-term memory that occurs as the result of disease, physical trauma, or psychological trauma

Answer 29

amnesia

Question 30

inability to remember new info after point of trauma

Answer 30

anterograde amnesia

Question 31

loss of memory (partial or complete) for events that occurred prior to the trauma

Answer 31

retrograde amnesia

Question 32

formulation of new memories

Answer 32

construction

Question 33

progress of bringing up old memories

Answer 33

reconstruction

Question 34

the effects of misinformation from external sources that leads to the creation of false memories

Answer 34

suggestibility

Question 35

after exposure to incorrect information, a person may misremember the original event

Answer 35

misinformation effect paradigm

Question 36

recall of false autobiographical memories

Answer 36

false memory syndrome

Question 37

loss of information from long-term memory

Answer 37

forgetting

Question 38

accessibility of memory decreases over time (storage decay)

Answer 38

transience

Question 39

forgetting caused by lapses in attention

Answer 39

absent mindedness

Question 40

accessibility of information is temporarily blocked (aka tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon)

Answer 40

blocking

Question 41

sources of memory is confused

Answer 41

misattribution

Question 42

false memories

Answer 42

suggestibility

Question 43

inability to forget undesirable memories

Answer 43

persistence

Question 44

organizing info into manageable bits of chunks

Answer 44

chunking

Question 45

technique in which you think about the meaning of the new information and it’s relation to knowledge already storage in your memory

Answer 45

elaborating rehearsal

Question 46

memory aids that help us organize information for encoding

Answer 46

mnemonic devices