Chapter 2

Question 1

Results are predicted on general premise

Answer 1

Deductive reasoning

Question 2

conclusions are drawn from observations

Answer 2

Inductive reasoning

Question 3

well developed set of ideas to propose an explanation for observed phenomena

Answer 3

theory

Question 4

tentative and testable statement (prediction) about the relationship between 2/more variables

Answer 4

Hypothesis

Question 5

A study that focuses on one individual

Answer 5

Case study

Question 6

observation of behavior in it’s natural setting

Answer 6

Naturalistic observation

Question 7

when observations may be skewed to align with observer expectations

Answer 7

Observer bias

Question 8

A list of questions that can be delivered in paper and pencil, electronically, and verbally

Answer 8

Surveys

Question 9

the use of past records or data sets to answer various research questions or to search for interesting patterns or relationships

Answer 9

Archival research

Question 10

comparison multiple segments of a population at a single time (such as different age groups)

Answer 10

Cross-sectional research

Question 11

Studies in which the same group of individuals is surveyed, or measured repeatedly over an extended period of time

Answer 11

Longitudinal research

Question 12

Reduction and number of research participants are some drop out of this study overtime

Answer 12

attrition

Question 13

relationship between two or more variables; when one variable changes the other changes as well

Answer 13

Correlation

Question 14

Two variables change in the same direction, both becoming either larger or smaller

Answer 14

Positive correlation

Question 15

two variables change in different directions, with one becoming larger as the other become smaller

Answer 15

Negative correlation

Question 16

seeing relationships between two things things when in reality no such relationship exist

Answer 16

illusory correlation

Question 17

Tendency to ignore evidence that disapproves ideas or beliefs

Answer 17

Confirmation bias

Question 18

The participants to experience the manipulated variable (group design to answer the research question)

Answer 18

Experimental group

Question 19

participants, that do not experience the manipulated variable

Answer 19

Control group

Question 20

Description of what actions and operations will be used to measure the dependent variables, and manipulate the independent variables

Answer 20

Operational

Question 21

Researcher expectations that skew the results of the study

Answer 21

Experimenter bias

Question 22

participant expectations that’s skew the results of the study

Answer 22

Participant bias

Question 23

experiment in which the researcher knows who is in the experimental group, and who is in the control group, but the participants do not

Answer 23

Single blind study

Question 24

Experiment in which both experimenter in the participants do not know who is in the control and experimental group

Answer 24

Double blind study

Question 25

peoples expectations or beliefs influencing, or determining their experience in a given situation

Answer 25

Placebo

Question 26

variable that is influenced/controlled by the experimenter

Answer 26

Independent variable

Question 27

Variable that the researcher measures to see how much impact the independent variable had

Answer 27

Dependent variable

Question 28

Subject of the psychological research

Answer 28

Participants

Question 29

subset of individual selected from the larger population

Answer 29

Sample

Question 30

overall group of individuals that the researcher is interested in (ex: college students)

Answer 30

Population

Question 31

Subset of a larger population, in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

Answer 31

Random sample

Question 32

Determines how likely any difference between experimental groups is due to chance

Answer 32

Statistical analysis

Question 33

article read by several other scientist with expertise in the subject matter, who provide feedback regarding the quality of the manuscript, before it is accepted for publication

Answer 33

Peer reviewed journal article

Question 34

experiment done again to determine reliability of original research design

Answer 34

replication

Question 35

Committee of administrators, scientist, and community members that review proposals for research involving human participants

Answer 35

Institutional review board (IRB)

Question 36

process of informing a research participant about what to expect during an experiment, and then obtaining the persons consent to participate

Answer 36

Informed consent

Question 37

Purposely misleading experiment participants in order to maintain the integrity of the experiment

Answer 37

Deception

Question 38

when an experiment involved with deception, participants are taught complete and truthful information about the experiment and it’s conclusion

Answer 38

Debriefing

Question 39

Committee of administrators, scientist, veterinarians, and community members that review proposals for research involving nonhuman animals

Answer 39

Institutional animal care, and use committee (IACUC)