Chapter 7

Question 1

Simply thinking

Answer 1

Cognition

Question 2

Perception, knowledge, problem-solving, judgement, language, memory

Answer 2

Cognition encompasses

Question 3

Categories of linguistic info, images, ideas, or memories

Answer 3

Concepts

Question 4

The best example of representation of a concept

Answer 4

Prototypes

Question 5

Created “naturally” through either direct or indirect experience

Answer 5

Natural concepts

Question 6

A specific set of characteristics

Answer 6

Artificial concepts

Question 7

A mental consisting of a collection of related concepts

Answer 7

Schema

Question 8

Makes assumptions about now individuals in certain roles will behave

Answer 8

Role schema

Question 9

A set of routine or automatic behaviors

Answer 9

Event schema (cognitive script)

Question 10

A communication system that involves using words and systematic rules to organize those words to transmit info from one individual to another

Answer 10

Language

Question 11

The words of a given language

Answer 11

Lexicon

Question 12

The set of rules, that are used to convey meaning through the use of the lexicon

Answer 12

Grammar

Question 13

The smallest units of language that convey some types of meaning

Answer 13

Morphemes

Question 14

The meaning we derive from morphemes and words

Answer 14

Semantics

Question 15

The way words are organized into sentences

Answer 15

Syntax

Question 16

Proposed that the mechanisms underlying language acquisition biologically determined (person)

Answer 16

Noam Chomsky

Question 17

Proficiency at acquiring language is maximal early in life

Answer 17

Critical period 

Question 18

Continue trying different solutions until problem is solved

Answer 18

Trial and error

Question 19

Step-by-step problem-solving framework

Answer 19

Algorithm

Question 20

General problem-solving framework

Answer 20

Heuristic

Question 21

Begin solving the problem by focusing on the end result

Answer 21

Working-backwards

Question 22

Inability to receive an object being used for something other than what if was designed for

Answer 22

Functional fixedness

Question 23

Tendency to focus on one piece of info when making a decision or solving a problem

Answer 23

Anchoring bias

Question 24

Tendency to focus on info that confirms your existing beliefs

Answer 24

Confirmation bias

Question 25

Leads you to believe that the event you just experience was predictable, even though it wasn’t

Answer 25

Hindsight bias

Question 26

Tendency to unintentionally stereotype someone or something

Answer 26

Representative bias

Question 27

Tendency to make a decision based on an example, information, or recent experience that is really available to you

Answer 27

Availability heuristic

Question 28

Who believed that intelligence consisted of commonalities amongst various intellectual abilities ex. Working memory, fluid reasoning, knowledge, quantitative reasoning, & visual-spatial processing

Answer 28

Charles spearman

Question 29

Who believed in crystalized intelligence and fluid intelligence

Answer 29

Raymond cattell

Question 30

Acquired knowledge and the ability to retrieve it

Answer 30

Crystallized intelligence

Question 31

The ability to see complex relationship and solve problems

Answer 31

Fluid intelligence

Question 32

Academia problem solving and computation

Answer 32

Analytical intelligence

Question 33

Street smarts and common sense

Answer 33

Practical intelligence

Question 34

Imaginative and innovative problem solving

Answer 34

Creative intelligence

Question 35

The ability to understand the emotions of yourself and others, show empathy, understand social relationships and cues, and regulate your emotions and respond in culturally appropriate ways

Answer 35

Emotional intelligence

Question 36

The ability to generate, create, discover new ideas, solutions, and possibilities

Answer 36

Creativity

Question 37

Thinking "outside the box"

Answer 37

Divergent thinking

Question 38

Ability to provide a correct well-established answer or solution to a problem

Answer 38

Convergent thinking

Question 39

The manner of administration, scoring, and interpretation of results is consistent

Answer 39

Standardization 

Question 40

Giving a test to a large population so data can be collected comparing groups, such as age groups

Answer 40

Norming

Question 41

The observation that each generation has a significantly higher iq than the last

Answer 41

Flynn effect

Question 42

A subset of the population that accurately represents the general population

Answer 42

Representative sample

Question 43

Describe now data are dispersed in a population (relative to the mean)

Answer 43

Standard deviations