Chapter 6

Question 1

Motor or neural reaction to a specific stimulates in the environment

Answer 1

Reflex

Question 2

behavior that are triggered by Broader range of events

Answer 2

Instinct

Question 3

when organisms makes connection between stimulate or events that occur together in the environment

Answer 3

Association learning

Question 4

Organisms learn to associate events – or stimuli- that repeatedly happen together

Answer 4

Classical conditioning

Question 5

Stimulus that elicits a reflexive response (food)

Answer 5

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Question 6

A natural unknown reaction to stimulus (salvation in response to food)

Answer 6

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Question 7

Stimulus that does not naturally elicit a response (ringing a bell, does not cost salvation by itself prior to conditioning)

Answer 7

Neutral stimulus (NS)

Question 8

stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 8

conditioning stimulus (CS)

Question 9

The behavior caused by the condition stimulus

Answer 9

Conditioned response (CR)

Question 10

Pairing a new stimulus with the condition stimulus

Answer 10

Higher order conditioning

Question 11

When an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Answer 11

Acquisition

Question 12

The decrease in the condition response from the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the condition stimulus

Answer 12

extinction

Question 13

The return of a previously exchange condition response falling rest period

Answer 13

Spontaneous recovery

Question 14

Between sounds that predict a threatening and even sounds that do not, so they respond appropriately

Answer 14

Stimulus discrimination

Question 15

behaviors that are followed by consequences that are satisfying to the organism are more likely to be repeated.

Answer 15

Law of effect

Question 16

involve Conscious processes

Answer 16

Operant conditioning

Question 17

Study, operant conditioning, Skinner place animals inside an operant conditioning chamber containing a lever, that when pressed causes you to be dispensed as the reward

Answer 17

Skinner box

Question 18

something is added to increase the likelihood of a behavior

Answer 18

Positive reinforcement

Question 19

something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior

Answer 19

Negative reinforcement

Question 20

to increase

Answer 20

Reinforcement

Question 21

something is added to decrease the likelihood of the behavior

Answer 21

Positive punishment

Question 22

Something is removed to decrease the likelihood of behavior

Answer 22

Negative punishment

Question 23

to decrease

Answer 23

Punishment

Question 24

A tool in operant conditioning in which instead of her rewarding only the target behavior, we reward successive approximations of a target behavior

Answer 24

Shaping

Question 25

Those that have any reinforcing qualities, the value of these reinforcers do not need to be learned examples, food, water, sleep, sex, pleasure

Answer 25

Primary reinforcers

Question 26

Those that have no inherent value. Their values learn and becomes be enforcing been linked with no primary reinforcers.

Answer 26

Secondary reinforcers

Question 27

when an organism received a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior

Answer 27

Continuous reinforcement

Question 28

The organism does not get reinforcement every time they display the desired behavior

Answer 28

Partial reinforcement

Question 29

The number of responses between reinforcements or amount of time between reinforcement is set and unchanging

Answer 29

Fixed

Question 30

The number of responses between reinforcements or the amount of time between changes varies or changes

Answer 30

Variable

Question 31

The schedule is based on the time between

Answer 31

Interval

Question 32

The schedule is based on the number of responses between reinforcement

Answer 32

Ratio

Question 33

reinforcement is delivered at a predictable time intervals

Answer 33

Fixed interval

Question 34

reinforcement is delivered at unpredictable time intervals

Answer 34

Variable interval

Question 35

reinforcement is delivered after predictable number of responses

Answer 35

Fixed ratio

Question 36

reinforcement is delivered after an unpredictable number of responses

Answer 36

Variable ratio

Question 37

a mental picture of the layout an environment

Answer 37

cognitive map

Question 38

learning that occurs, but it’s not observable behavior until there’s a reason to demonstrate it

Answer 38

latent learning

Question 39

Learning by watching others and then imitating

Answer 39

Observational learning

Question 40

The individual performing the imitated behavior

Answer 40

model

Question 41

what are the steps in the modeling process?

Answer 41

Attention, retention, reproduction, motivation

Question 42

process for the observer system, model rewarded, making the observer, more likely to imitate the models behavior

Answer 42

Vicarious reinforcement

Question 43

Process for the observer, sees the model, punish, making the observer, less likely to imitate the models behavior

Answer 43

Vicarious punishment