Chapter 9&12

Question 1

Suicide suicide

Answer 1

The direct, intentional direct and consious taking of one’s own life

Question 2

Suicidal ideation

Answer 2

Thoughts about suicide

Question 3

Psychological autopsy

Answer 3

The systemic examination of existing information after a persons death for the purpose of understanding and explaining the person’s behavior before death

Question 4

Common characteristics of suicide

Answer 4

1) Believe that things will never change and suicide is the only solution 2)escape from psychological pain and thoughts 3)triggering events such as intense interpersonal conflicts and feelings of depression hopelessness guilt Anger or shame 4)perceived inability to make progress towards goals or solve problems and related feelings of failure worthlessness and hopelessness 5) ambivalence about suicide 6) communicating suicidal intent

Question 5

Rates of suicide

Answer 5

1 million make an attempt this year and one in 25 succeed. Rate of completion of suicide is much higher for 15 to 24 years old.10th leading cause of death world eighth leading cause in US males third leading cause of death among young people 15 to 24 and the second leading cause of death among college students. Evidence shows the actual number of suicides is 25 to 30% higher than recorded

Question 6

Percentage of adults that have serious thoughts of suicide

Answer 6

8.7 million or 3.8% of adults 18 and over his serious thoughts of suicide. Vast majority 88%do not attempt

Question 7

How is suicide performed

Answer 7

50% with fire arms 70% of suicide attempts involve drug overdose hanging suffocation is another common method and has increased in recent years for all age groups especially 45 to 59. Told her I have a lessons try hanging jumping in firearms. Girls use drug or alcohol intoxication. Under 15 jumping from buildings are running in traffic younger children attempt suicide impulsively

Question 8

Family and friends suicide effects

Answer 8

Guilt, attempts to understand and make meaning of it, development of risky behaviors, and change relationship with friends

Question 9

Parents to lose a child to suicide

Answer 9

Rates of depression and Zaidi alcohol abuse and marital difficulties increase two years following this child suicide

Question 10

Suicide of a parent

Answer 10

Lifelong effects. Children have increased risk for developing mental health problems and also an increased risk of suicide attempts themselves. Greatest risk if deceased parent was the mother. Children whose father is committed suicide increase likelihood of hospitalization for depression or anxiety.

Question 11

Age of child one suicide occurred

Answer 11

Up to 12 years of age during early childhood in the reader suicidal at times requiring has rosacea steadily increase is over decades. Those whose parents committed suicide during their adolescence or early adulthood would had the highest risk hospitalization for suicide attempts during the first two years decline over time

Question 12

Suicide prevention

Answer 12

Motivation to live is primary protective mechanism for individuals who are suicidal. Use a strength-based approach guided by questions such as factors that protects against suicide? How can I use this information to mobilize coping skills and social support?

Question 13

For protective techniques effective in preventing suicide

Answer 13

1)reawaken desire to live 2)expanding perceptual outlet by reducing suicide myopia 3) enhance social connectedness 4)increase repertoire of coping skills

Question 14

Using positive psychology techniques to prevent suicide

Answer 14

Gratitude, identifying personal strengths and using it for the next day or example

Question 15

Suicide among children and adolescents

Answer 15

3rd cause of death 15 to 24 years old. 15.8% high school students seriously considered and 7.8 made an attempt in the last 12 months. Female students more frequently reported considering it

Question 16

Reasons for teenage suicide

Answer 16

Gain control of life, Revenge, reunion fantasies with a loved one, relief from unbearable pain, escape from being a family scapegoat and acting out parents covert or over desire to be rid of them. Drug use is a factor associated with increased suicide risk among adolescents especially heroin meth and feta mean and steroids. Also bullying, copycat and decreased use of antidepressants

Question 17

Bullying

Answer 17

One third of teens are reported bullying at school. Victims of bullying are 2 to 9 times more likely to consider suicide, 50% of young people who commit suicide experienced bullying, at high risk for anxiety disorders and those who are both bullies and victims are at risk for depression, panicdisorder and suicidality

Question 18

Most effective way to Curtail bullying

Answer 18

State that bullying is occurring in that it needs to stop

Question 19

Copy-cat suicide

Answer 19

12 to 17 years old, personally knowing someone who committed suicide increases suicidal thoughts and attempts. Adults are vulnerable to suicide contagion but youth are much more vulnerable

Question 20

Decrease in antidepressants

Answer 20

Gucci morning and label that SS our eyes increase suicide risk. Controversy

Question 21

Military

Answer 21

Searching suicides in military over last few years. Military creates a culture that tends to Christmas and stigmatize mental health issues. Other stressors, separation from family excess alcohol drugs last conference PTSD financial or personal problems and Trumatic brain injury. Greater number of brain injuries greater suicide risk. Only 45% had mental health just order. Suicide remains high even after they leave the service

Question 22

College students

Answer 22

Over 50% of undergraduate and graduate students reported suicidal thoughts, 18% of undergrads and 15% had seriously considered suicide, among those who considered it in last year 92% of undergraduates and 90% had a specific plan, 14% of undergrads an 8% of graduates made an attempt. 80% who died by suicide do not seek help. 45% never tell anyone. Emotional or physical pain first then problems with romantic relations second factors contributing to suicidal thoughts

Question 23

Baby boomers

Answer 23

Generation has consistently higher suicide rate earlier or subsequent generations. Characteristics that may increase suicide risk including youth oriented perspective and believe in a limitless future. May account for increased suicide rate from 1999 to 2010 of 28% men and women ages 35 to 64

Question 24

Stresses and challenges of middle age

Answer 24

Economic pressure to caregiver responsibilities children and aging parents, and age related changes in health

Question 25

Suicide among elderly

Answer 25

Highest for any age group. Elderly European Americans committed almost 18% of all suicides. Asian American women between 65 and 84 highest suicide rate of any other racial ethnic group

Question 26

Stresses of aging

Answer 26

Unwelcome physical changes illness diminishing strength, a succession of life changes including friends and relatives dying social isolation increasing difficulty to live on a fixed income and the prospect of death becoming more real. Makes depression one of the most common psychiatric issues for aging and adultsuicide is more likely to accompany depression among the elderly. Health issues, physical limitations, loss of independence, policeman, and serious financial relationship problems in older adults have increased risk of suicide

Question 27

Five steps to help you cope with suicidal thoughts

Answer 27

Self promise you will do nothing right now, avoid alcohol or drugs, make your environment safe bye avoid being alone thinking about things that make you worse, remember there is always hope with time situation will improve, don’t keep suicidal feelings to yourself

Question 28

Mental health issues associated with suicide

Answer 28

Depression anxiety mood swings facts of drugs and alcohol PTSD schizophrenia

Question 29

If someone else is considering suicide what should you do

Answer 29

Start a conversation so they can share their thoughts and feelings, listen calmly empathetically and without judgment, and seek help.

Question 30

5-hiAA

Answer 30

Five hydroxy in dole acetic acid 5-HIAA, Chemical produced by body when metabolize serotonin. . Low levels found in those who died from suicide or use the more violent method. The low serotonin associated with suicide Decrease serotonin linked with increased aggression and impulsivity characteristics mean pre-suicidality. Suicide not simply the result of depression. Some individuals have low levels of HIAA who are suicidal but do not have a history of depression

Question 31

Neuropeptides

Answer 31

The type of neurotransmitter involved in emotional regulation. The difference in neuropeptide levels found in people who attempt or complete suicide.

Question 32

Genetics and suicidal behavior

Answer 32

Multiple genes involved in each contribute only small facts. Suicidal risk increase whenspecific genes interact with stressful life events. And phenotypes associated with suicide include early onset major depression, elevated cortisol reactivity, serotonin dysfunction, and traits such as aggressive impulsive tendencies and impaired decision making

Question 33

Biological siblings of adoptees committed suicide

Answer 33

Suicide behavior significantly higher than other group supports presence of genetic risk factors

Question 34

Epigenetic changes

Answer 34

Epigenetic changes involving unique DNA alteration hippo campus

Question 35

Other biological processes involved in suicide

Answer 35

Sleep difficulties including nightmares in trouble falling asleep and staying asleep are strong predictor of suicide ideation attempts.disaffect present even in absence of depression. Alcohol use is also implicated. Alcohol reduces inhibitory control of prefrontal cortex races or pain threshold and affects brain regions such as limbic system responsible for emotions and mood

Question 36

Alcohol raises dopamine and decrease the serotonin

Answer 36

Here in associated with poor impulse control and aggression

Question 37

Psychological factors and depression

Answer 37

History of mental illness especially depression bipolar schizophrenia eating disorder some anxiety disorders some personality disorders and substance abuse. Schizophrenia who commit suicide often experiencing concurrent depression suicide methods violent. Personality problems usually emotionally immature and low frustration tolerance

Question 38

Psychological pain associated with Mal treatment and childhood

Answer 38

Particularly sexual abuse and emotional abuse is a consistent 50 for suicide and adolescents and adults. Men and women experiencing physical abuse in childhood five times more likely to have suicidal ideation.

Question 39

Other psychological factors contributing to suicide

Answer 39

Shame, discouragement, just stress over academic or social pressures, and life stressors. Psychological state most strongly associated with suicide or depression and hopelessness

Question 40

Psychache

Answer 40

Intolerable pain created from an absence of joy strongly associated with suicidal ideation even more so than depression or hopelessness. A term created to describe the unbearable psychological her pain and anguish associated with suicide.

Question 41

Mild depression in adolescence

Answer 41

Three times more suicidal thoughts compared to those without depression, those are clinically depressed at nine times more suicidal thoughts

Question 42

Would prevent suicide in severe depression

Answer 42

Limited energy associated with severe depression makes suicide less likely. Danger. Comes with the depression starts to lift

Question 43

Men and women who are hospitalized for psychiatric issue and suicide

Answer 43

Men with disposition of anger especially those with background of child sexual abuse, and women with physiological arousal and a history of child sexual abuse most likely to make a suicide attempt in one year after release. Hopelessness or negative expectations about future is the major catalyst to suicide possibly even more important factor than depression and other moods

Question 44

Alcohol consumption

Answer 44

Most consistently reported correlates of suicide behavior is alcohol consumption. 70% good time to drink alcohol before the act. Biological effects include decreasing judgment, psychological effects such as lowering in a business related to fear of death. Binge drinking heavy alcohol seems to Jeep and feelings of remorse during dry. Increasing risk when sober.

Question 45

Alcohol induced myopia

Answer 45

Other explanation for alcohols effect on depression , the strength of the relationship between alcohol and suicide due to the construction of cognitive and perceptual processes. Alcohol may increase personal distressed by focusing peoples thoughts on negative aspects of their personal situation

Question 46

Social dimensions of suicide

Answer 46

Many suicides are intra-personal in nature and occur following relationship conflicts. Factors that separate people or make them less connected the families friends religion or communities can increase susceptibility. Unhappiness over a broken relationship marital discord disputes with parents and recent bereavements all include suicide risk.

Question 47

Social dimension in children

Answer 47

Family and stability stress and a chaotic family atmosphere or factors and suicide attempts by younger children. Children who consider suicide more likely to experience the views unpredictable Trumatic events and loss of significant parenting figure before 12

Question 48

Interpersonal psychological theory of suicide by Thomas Joiner

Answer 48

Effort to integrate many factors associated with suicide. Propose to social factors are strongly associated with suicide one is perceived burdensomeness two is thwarted belongingness or feelings of alienation and left of a meaningful connection. Unique third condition is a choir capacity for suicide such as reduction in fear of taking their own life. Canhappen with repeated exposure to Traumatic life events. People who attempt to report higher levels of fearlessness and pain and sensitivity as well as greater frequency of painful life events. Suicide of a friend family member or acquaintance me also relate to concept of aquired capacity

Question 49

Marital status and suicide

Answer 49

Suicide higher in the four separated or without. Stable marriage make suicide less likely. For women having children decreases suicide risk. Death of a spouse associated with 50% higher risk for suicide for Man and divorcement have a 39% higher risk compared to married men

Question 50

Emile Durkheim

Answer 50

First socio-cultural explanation of suicide. Suicide results from an inability to integrate oneself with society. Failing to maintain close ties with the community to pray for the person to support systems that are necessary for adaptive functioning making the person isolated and alienated from other people

Question 51

Suicidologist

Answer 51

Professional who studies the manifestation, dynamics, and prevention of suicide. They blame modern mobile and technological society which increases suicide by decreasing importance of family and community

Question 52

Suicide in lesbian Gay bisexual and transgender youth

Answer 52

Hi for falling due to cross gender appearance or traits and for those who experience strong feelings of isolation and low family support

Question 53

Ethnic and cultural variables

Answer 53

American Indian and European American males highest rates of completed suicide. Lower rates among African-Americans his Bannick’s and Asian-American males. Females lower rates and pattern of F neck is similar to that scene with men

Question 54

American Indian Alaska native adolescents and young adults

Answer 54

Rate is 2 1/2 times higher than the national average for same .age group

Question 55

Gender and suicide

Answer 55

Females higher rates of suicidal thoughts into times but death from suicide occurs much more frequently among males the person and 79% of all US suicides. Rate of completed suicide four times higher for man compared to women but gap is closing meant she was more lethal including firearms and hanging. Drug overdose poisoning most common for women. Male gender role combine with the fence that threaten the mask and I jail search his job lots of broken relationships may personally explain high suicide rate for Man. When under stress or experiencing loss men avoid of seeking help or confiding in another about problems and instead respond with anger and violence or alcohol use

Question 56

Unemployed adults

Answer 56

Twice as likely to have serious thoughts of suicide four times more likely to make plans or attempt compare to fully employed adults.

Question 57

Gate keeper training

Answer 57

Does it need to be within the system such as schools are the military learn about suicide message for screening and high-risk and then give them a couple assessment and intervention if results are suggesting suicide. Three-step process valving knowing which factors increase suicide determining whether there’s high moderate or low probability that they will act on it and implementing appropriate actions

Question 58

Risk and protective factors and suicide assessment and intervention

Answer 58

Previous intent or attempts or talking about suicide, substance-abuse chronic pain or physical illness insomnia and mental disorders, hopelessness shame humiliation despare anxiety panic self-loathing impulsive or aggressive tendencies, recent loss or traumatic event in relationship, bereavement unemployment, relational conflict,loneliness, socially isolation seeking out easy access lethal methods specially guns, family turmoil history of physical or sexual abuse, family members peers or celebrities have died from suicide

Question 59

Protective factors

Answer 59

Good emotional regulation problem-solving a car for resolution skills, willingness to talk about problems, cultural and religious believes, open to seeking mental health treatment, social support, connection or responsibility for children, restricted access to lethal means.

Question 60

Person with a suicide plan

Answer 60

Amount of detail in the suicide plan is clue to potential seriousness of situation person who has specific details much more risk than one with no plan

Question 61

Indirect clues of suicide

Answer 61

With drawl restlessness change in sleep patterns, reckless behavior, increased drinking or drug use, giving away possessions, or prolonged unexpected farewell

Question 62

Division of warning signs into two categories

Answer 62

Early signs such as depression expressions of guilt remorse tension or anxiety, insomnia or loss of appetite and critical sign such a sudden changes in behavior unexplained risk-taking or calmness after. Anxiety or depression unusual unexpected contact with friends or family, saying goodbye giving away belongings putting affairs in order direct or in direct threats and the actual attempts

Question 63

Steps used in suicide prevention centers

Answer 63

1)establish a relationship 2)teen necessary information such as name and address demographics 3)evaluate suicidal potential using the Lethality rating scales 4)clarifying the nature of the callers distress, including helping them recognize that they’re not thinking clearly and that there are other solutions5)assess strengths and resources and work out a crisis plan 6) recommending in initiating an action plan

Question 64

To enhancing the success of suicide prevention efforts

Answer 64

Availability of mental health services during and immediately after a crisis

Question 65

No harm agreement

Answer 65

Refer to is a no suicide contract for suicide prevention contract typically a written agreement develop between suicidal person and therapist involved in the crisis intervention. Involves commitment at the suicidal person will not engage in self harm for a designated period of time also includes a plan in the event that suicidal impulses continue

Question 66

Treatment for those with attempted suicide

Answer 66

Both medications which varies depending on the underlying mental disorder and psychotherapy. Proven psychotherapy techniques include CBT and dialectical behavior therapy. CBT reduce his repeat offense by 50% compared to traditional follow-up treatment

Question 67

CBT therapy

Answer 67

Focuses on Connor abilities associated with suicide such as feelings of hopelessness social isolation poor impulse control for problem-solving and difficulty refuting thoughts and images and believes associated with suicide

Question 68

DBT therapy

Answer 68

Help clients except current lives in the emotional anguish. Learning to regulate and tolerate emotions rather than allowing the motions to overwhelm them. Also reduce suicide attempts and adults by 50%

Question 69

Cognitive behavioral therapy for suicide prevention

Answer 69

An innovative program for adolescents combines features of both CBT and DVT. Risk factors and stressors including emotional, cognitive behavioral and interpersonal processesthat occurred just before and after the suicide attempt or suicidal crisis are discussed

Question 70

Chain analysis

Answer 70

Teen describes All events,stress or thoughts,interpersonal conflicts and other factors such as drug use that led to a suicide attempt. This info allows the mental health professional took the visor specific treatment plan based on the teens unique circumstances

Question 71

Suicidal behavior disorder

Answer 71

In the DSM-V it is a condition for further study propose criteria include a suicide attempt with in the previous 24 months and the individual must have had at least some intent to die. Excludes those in nonsuicidal self injury excludes those were suicidal behaviors result of delirium confusion or political or religious goals.

Question 72

Durkheim project

Answer 72

Use the sophisticated linguistic face prediction models to analyze post things on social media to estimate an individual suicide risk. Analyzes the social media data from many veterans and active-duty military members who have chosen to participate in the program. The goal is to text messages suggesting so she relation interpersonal conflicts or extreme emotional distress that might indicate a high risk for suicide