Chap 10 Eating Disorders

Question 1

Disordered eating pears

Answer 1

Physically or psychologically unhealthy eating behavior such as chronic over eating or dieting the goal of losing or controlling wait or managing emotions

Question 2

Numbers of people who control way through dieting

Answer 2

90% of college women have attempted to control weight through dieting 25% usedof purging. Adolescence 50% of adolescent girls and 20% adolescent boys diet to control their weight. 13% of girls and 7.1% of boys engaged in disordered eating patterns. Often accompanied by depression and substance abuse and suicide ideation

Question 3

Number of adults overweight or obese

Answer 3

Is the 20 1268% of adults were overweight 35% for a piece

Question 4

Group most affected by eating disorders

Answer 4

Young white women and girls. Men and boys often wish to be more muscular and dissatisfaction ranges from 9 to 28.4%

Question 5

Muscle dysmorphia

Answer 5

Extreme dissatisfaction with ones muscularity 4% high school boys use steroids. 21% among gay or bisexual

Question 6

Problems of anorexia nervosa bulimia nervousa her and binge eating disorder among 20-year-old females and among men

Answer 6

.8, 2.6 and 3% males .3 .5 and 2%

Question 7

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 7

Eating disorder characterized by low bodyweight intense fear of becoming obese and body image distortion. Restricted caloric intake resulting in body weight below minimum normal weight for age and height, intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, which does not diminish even with weight loss; body image distortion such as not recognizing one’s thinness or self evaluation unduly influenced by weight.5 to .9% 90% of female starts after puberty or in early adulthood. They denied the seriousness of the physical fax available bodyweight.body image disturbance is profound. Vigorously defend gruesome emaciation as not being too thin

Question 8

Subtypes of anorexia Nervosa

Answer 8

Restricting type in binge eating and purging tight. Restricting type involves weight-loss through severe dieting or exercising. Change it in perching time involved induced vomiting are used to play accidents or direct always often after Ben’s eating. Both groups vigorously pursue thinness. The restricting type are more introverted deny psychological distress or feelings of hunger. Binge eating/purging type or more extroverted and also report more in Zaidi depression and guilt and often have a strong appetite and are older.

Question 9

Physical complications of anorexia nervosa

Answer 9

Death rate six times higher than general population due to suicide substance abuse and physiological effects of starvation. Irregular heart rate low blood pressure heart to become damaged when the body is forced to use muscles as a source of energy. Other changes are extreme fatigue dry skin brittle hair low body temperature and kidney disease, osteoporosis and cirrhosis of the liver

Question 10

Purge

Answer 10

Read the body of unwanted calories By means such as self-induced vomiting or miss use of laxatives diuretics or other medications. In large saliva re-glance resulting in chipmunk loop, bone loss due to low calorie

Question 11

Reeks of recovery for anorexia nervosa

Answer 11

20% remains severely ill and 50% continue to display just ordered eating patterns. Purging vomiting and obsessive-compulsive eating behaviors are Sociedad with an unfavorable outcome. High mortality rate including suicide in anorexia

Question 12

Associated characteristics of anorexia

Answer 12

Depression anxiety impulse control problems loss of sexual interest, and substance use often occur concurrently. Individuals with anorexia nervosa I have difficulty regulating their emotions factor that may maintain disorder eating patterns. Excessive control associated with restricted eating may occur to counteract feelings of powerlessness. And boost self-esteem. May have obsessive-compulsive behaviors and thoughts that may or may not involve food this is common

Question 13

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 13

Eating disorder in which episodes involving rapid consumption of large quantities of food and a loss of control over eating are followed by purging or excessive exercise or fasting to compensate for binges. Soft valuation strongly influenced by ones weight or body shape. Use of where laxatives or vomiting result in temporary relief from feelings of shame and despair. Much more prevalent than anorexia nervosa. 2.6% women over lifetime have bulimia. 10% have some symptoms.diagnose increasing in urban areas. 10% are males

Question 14

Binge eating

Answer 14

Rapid consumption of large quantities of food during a discrete period of time. Binge eating occurs at least once per week for three months or more with the loss of control over eating during the binge episode.

Question 15

Physical complications of bulimia

Answer 15

Erosion of two thin ammo, dehydration, swollen salivary gland’s, and lower potassium which can result in the heart irregularities and cardiac arrest. Also inflammation of esophagus stomach and rectal area’s

Question 16

Associated characteristics of bulimia nerve Osa

Answer 16

Eating as way of coping with distressing thoughts or external stressors. Highest rates occur during negative emotional states such as anger or depression. Negative mood such a sadness increase before binging and purging and decrease after. Maladaptive behaviors of emotional regulation

Question 17

Course and outcome of bulimia nervosa

Answer 17

Later onset from anorexia late adolescence adult life. Suicide elevated particularly among exercise excessively. Prognosis is more positive than anorexia nervosa. One bird show complete remission one push of partial in the remaining continue to meet criteria for

Question 18

Binge eating disorder

Answer 18

Eating disorder that Involves consumption large quantities of food over a short period of time with an accompanying feeling of loss of control and the distress over the excess eating. Behaviors to compensate for over eating are not typically seen. History of binge eating at least once a week for period of three months. In addition those with b ED also exhibit at least three of the following with binge eating episodes: eating more rapidly than normal, uncomfortable feeling of fullness, eating large quantities of food even when not hungry, eating alone due to embarrassment about the quantity, or feeling depressed or guiltyafter binging

Question 19

Associated characteristics of binge eating disorder

Answer 19

Tend to be overweight .preceded by poor mood ,decreased alertness feelings of poor eating control, and cravings for sweets. Over evaluation of weight and shape is not part of diagnostic criteria, however many are unduly influenced by their weight or shape associated with depression anxiety and low self-esteem. When experiencing weight or shape concerns women with bed report their negative emotions result in increased cravings for food.

Question 20

Course and Outcome BED

Answer 20

Similar complications associated with obesity just type two diabetes high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels. Begins in late adolescence or early adulthood and remission rates appear to be higher than anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa. Most made a full recovery over a five-year. Even without treatment. However weight remained high including 39% more obese

Question 21

Other specified feeding or eating disorders

Answer 21

Seriously disturbed eating parents that you’re not fully meet criteria for anorexia nervosa bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder. Most commonly diagnosed eating disorder 30% of all eating diagnosis. Includes normal way who made other criteria for anorexia nervosa, individuals who made the criteria for bulimia or binging disorder except that binge eating occurs less than once a week or less than three months, individuals with night eating syndrome individuals who do not binge, but frequently purge to control wait

Question 22

Night eating syndrome

Answer 22

A distressing pattern of binge eating late at night or after awakening from sleep. Consuming at least 25% food after the evening meal. Obese individuals five times more likely to display this

Question 23

Ortho Rexia nervOsa

Answer 23

Originating style focused on food quality and purity. Extreme obsession with healthy eating and have negative health and psychological consequences

Question 24

Psychological dimension of eating disorders

Answer 24

Body disatisfaction, perfectionism, depression, low levels of interpersonal confidence, and use of control over eating as a .method of dealing with stress. One third of young people and a large percentage of women between 35 and 65 have significant levels of body dissatisfaction. European American and Asian women have a higher frequency of bodychecking and thin ideal internalization. Women highly dissatisfied with bodies more likely to compare bodies to other women and report lower self satisfaction after. Maladaptive perfectionism is also a risk factor and may interact action to development of anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders . Using wait regulation as a means of handling stress or anxiety . Passivity low self-esteem dependence and on the start of this are also associated with the sorter eating. Individuals with this have interpersonal and Zaidi and perfectionistic tendencies and process self uncertainty which involves a low self concept unlimited sense of self. Rates of depression higher.

Question 25

Maladaptiveperfectionism

Answer 25

Composed of two dimensions: inflexible high standards, negative self a valuation following mistakes. Perfectionistic traits in early childhood or associated with development of anorexia nervosa.

Question 26

Most susceptible to send thinness messages

Answer 26

Underweight women believe they r at ideal weight

Question 27

Social dimension

Answer 27

Family members frequently criticized, had a negative reaction to the reading issues, I blame them for their condition. Childhood nail treatment and negative family relationships that causes depression

Question 28

Fat talk

Answer 28

Involves a discussion of being overweight with friends we usually deny this observation this pattern can increase body dissatisfaction and lower self-esteem. Mother soup diet or indirectly transmitting the message of the importance of Ethan a deal. Also teasing and criticism about weight by family members is associated with body to say is faction dieting and eating problems peer pressure.

Question 29

Socio-cultural dimensions of eating disorders

Answer 29

Sexualization and objectification through television music videos song lyrics magazines and advertisements in an early age. Girls begin to believe primary value comes from being attractive, defined themselves according to the body standard On media, and see themselves as objects rather than having capacity for independent action and decision making . many internalize a thin-ideal

Question 30

Social comparison

Answer 30

Start to evaluate themselves based on external standards. Standards are in attainable for most. So body dissatisfaction occurs. Self consciousnessee and frequent monitoring of external appearance can lead to anxiety or shame about their bodies. in those with my body dissatisfaction report increased guilt and depression with thoughts of solution such as dieting, purging in extreme exercise. Does not explain why only a small percentage of individuals in our media conscious society develop eating disorders

Question 31

Biological dimension of eating disorders

Answer 31

Disordered eating patterns run in families especially among female relatives. Lifetime risks of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa on close relatives of individuals with and without eating disorders found that anorexia and bulimia occurred with much greater frequency among close relatives of those with eating disorders. Heritability estimates for twin studies 41% for binging disorder 46 to 76 for anorexia nervosa and 50 to 83% for bulimia nervosa. Genetic influences maybe triggered by physical changes such as puberty. And eating disorder only shows up when certain environmental factors interact with genes. Most of dopamine can increased hunger whereas increased dopamine decrease appetite. People with lower levels of dopamine mail me greater quantities of food or other reporting substances such as drugs to obtain pleasure. Serotonin may also be involved. Altered functioning of appetitiveneural circuitry appears to influence disordered eating patterns. Neural regions associated with response to Pleasant tasting foods is different in those with anorexia nervosa or believe me a nerve Osa one compared to women without these disorders.Women recovered from anorexia nervosa show to significantly diminished response to sucrose where is those recover from bulimia nervosa showed a highly elevated response to sucrose

Question 32

Gherkin and Leptin

Answer 32

G, I care for intestinal hormone capable of stimulating hunger regulating taste sensation in increasing interest in food wise this before meals and should decrease after meals. Leptin I warm on the signal satiety suppresses hunger. Abnormalities have been found in those with eating disorder. Manipulate Ghrelin a method of controlling anorexia is being explored

Question 33

Treatment of anorexia nervosa

Answer 33

In anorexia nervosa the person is starving so the initial goal is to restore weight and address the physical complications associated with starving. Because they view certain foods as for bidden phobic like reactions can occur when refeeding. Family therapy is often an important component so parents can assist in refeeding my planning meals learning new relationship patterns and reducing parental criticism. In psychological intervention help the people understanddysfunctional attitudes increase interpersonal and social function and address other psychological disorders, and get the client to understand a cooperate with nutritional and physical rehabilitation

Question 34

Treatment of bulimia nervosa

Answer 34

Physical symptoms are identified and treated. A physician and psychotherapist is needed is in anorexia. Normalizing eating patterns and eliminating binge purge cycle is primary goal. CBT to encourage consumption of three or more balanced meals reducing Richard for the walls and body image concerns and identifying triggers for binging and developing strategies for coping with emotional stress even so only 50% with bulimia fully recover. Add exposure and response prevention to therapy improves longterm outcomes in bulimia. SSRI’s help in bulimia

Question 35

Treatment of binge eating disorders

Answer 35

Individuals with binge eating disorder differ from bulimia nervosa in that most are overweight and have to deal with societal prejudices. Treatment follows two phases: first factors thattrigger over eating are determined, then clients learn strategies to reduce binges. Medications are sometimes affective however psychological interventions tend to produce the best long-term results. CBT can result significant reductions in binge eating but less effect on weight reduction. A new form incorporates ways to deal with interpersonal difficulties and strategies for regulating negative emotions that trigger bingeing and purging similar to dialectical behavior therapy

Question 36

Obesity

Answer 36

A condition involving a body mass index greater than 30. 68% of US adults are overweight and 35% or obese. Has doubled since the 70s. Highest rates in African American Mexican American American Indians and women. Second only to tobacco use is a preventable cause of disease and death. Increases risk of high cholesterol and triglyceride levels, type two diabetes, cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, coronary heart disease, arthritis, sleep apnea, and respiratory. Reduce cognitive performance and acceleration of changes in brain structure and function associated with aging

Question 37

Thrifty genotype hypothesis of obesity

Answer 37

Jeans helped our ancestors survive famine by storing body fat. This same jeans however maybe dysfunctional in environment in which high fat foods are plentiful.

Question 38

Other causes of obesity biological dimension

Answer 38

Some people including African-American women have a lower resting metabolism and it’s been less energy’s because they lose less weight when following prescribed calorie restriction in physical activity recommendations. Neural circuitry plays a role. Genetic mutations involving KSR to gene associated with increased sense of hunger and slower metabolism rate. High-risk variant of FTO gene an allele associated with increased food intake had a 70% greater chance of becoming obese . Individuals with high risk allele found pictures of high fat foods more appealing than those with the low risk Jean. Also Graylyn slow to decline after eating and Rose more rapidly in those with high risk FTO gene. Leptin also implicated in 9 genes of a chromosomal abnormality in obese kids. Genetic variation that causes low levels of dopamine can increase the tension of food and the desire to eat. Obese if you were dopamine receptors the people of normal way. The fewer the dopamine receptors the higher their BMI. Different bacteria affect metabolism and the conversion of the food we eat to fat. Low fat dietcan change the make up of gut bacteria increasing the bacteria that promote Leaness.

Question 39

Psychological dimension of obesity

Answer 39

Adults who are obese report feeling stressed anxious or depressed. Mood and anxiety disorders are common among 122 overweight youth, More than one third of this group reported engaging in binge eating when upset. Physical and sexual abuse during childhood a risk factor for obesity. May increase use of food as coping factor. Bullying leads to remaining obese. Poor relationships between ages of one and three were twice as likely to become obese during adolescence compared to those rated is having a good relationship with mother. If a person’s friend becomes obese then the person’s chances of becoming obese increased by 57%. Opie city also increases when an adult sibling or a spouse became obese

Question 40

Treatments for obesity

Answer 40

Have included dieting lifestyle changes medications and surgery. Dieting alone may produce short term weight loss but tends to be ineffective in a long time sun came back more than they lost. Somewhat more successful for children. Yo-yo effect causes stress and body and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease stroke and decreased immune functioning. Comprehensive intervention programs appear to be the most promising lifestyle interventions incorporating a healthy diet and regular exercise were successful in producing sustain reductions and wait. Surgical methods such as gastric banding or gastric bypass are used in the treatment of morbid obesity. Gastric bypass is more effective but his higher complications and tends to promote healthy changes in intestinal bacteria that is conducive to weight-loss