Ch2 Flashcards
Psychoanalysis
Therapy whose goals are to uncover repressed material to help clients achieve insight in the inner motivations and desires and resolve childhood conflicts that affect current relationships
Defense mechanism
In psychoanalytic theory an eagle protection strategy that shelters the individual from anxiety operates unconsciously and distorts reality
Free association
Psychoanalytic therapeutic technique in which clients are asked to say whatever comes to mind for the purpose of revealing their unconscious thoughts
Resistance
During psychoanalysis a process in which the client unconsciously tries to impede the analysis by preventing the exposure of repressed material
Transference
A process by which a client undergoing psychoanalysis reenacts early conflicts by applying to the analysis feelings and attitudes that the person has towards significant others
Psychodynamic models
Model the views disorders as the result of childhood trauma or anxieties and that holds that many of these childhood based anxieties operate unconsciously
Id
The impulsive pleasure seeking aspect of our being that operates on the pleasure principle and seeksimmediate gratification of instinctual needs regardless of moral a realistic concerns
Ego
And the realistic and rational part of the mine influenced by the reality principle an awareness of the demands of the environment and of the need to would just behavior to meet these demands
Psychosexual stages
Oral anal phallic latency and genital
Fixation
Halts emotional development at a particular psychosexual stage
Defense mechanism
An ego protection strategy that shelters the individual from anxiety operates unconsciously and distorts reality
Repression
Preventing for bidden or dangerous thoughts or desires from entering one’s consciousness
Reaction formation
Acting opposite to ones unconscious wishes or feelings
Projection
Distancing oneself from on one at desires or thoughts by attributing them to others
Rationalization
Giving socially accepted reason for behavior unrelated to one’s true motives
Displacement
Directing and emotions such as hostility or anxiety towards the substitute target
Undoing
Attempting to write a wrong or negate an unconscious thought impulse or act
Regression
Retreating to an earlier developmental level that demands less mature responses and
Model
An analogy used by sciences to describe or explain a phenomenon or process they cannot directly observe
Brains three layers
Cerebral cortex subcortex limbic system
Cerebral cortex
Layers of specialized nerve cells called neurons that transfer information to. other nerve cells muscles and glands throughout the body
Parts of cerebral cortex
Pre-frontal cortex or frontal lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe
Occipital lobe
Part of cerebral cortex that deals vision back of cerebral cortex
Parietal lobe
Sensory association contains the sensory cortex and where are the outer surface of the body is mapped out
Temporal lobe
Under the parietal lobe it processes auditory info
Frontal lobe
Performs executive functions including planning ,decisions contains the primary motor cortex
Primary motor cortex
Strip in the frontal lobe on the other side of the Fissure
Primary motor cortex of the left hemisphere
Controls the right side of the body tends to be dominant in most people and controls language logic and processing things in sequence
Primary motor cortex of the right hemisphere
Role in emotion, in prostitution which is the musical part of language,and controls Visio spatial skills such as geometry,rotating objects, measuring a room, does processing of things as a whole
Spinal canal
The Hollow part of the spine becomes the ventricle in the brain and forms a Y. it’s different in schizophrenics
Sub cortex
Controls all the things you don’t think about it’s the hardware of the brain
Parts of the subcortex
Forebrain midbrain and hindbrain the midbrain and hindbrain form the brainstem
Structures of the hindbrain
Medulla pons and cerebellum
Medulla
Vegetative functions including blinking saliva and breathing
Pons
Bridges them a Doula to the rest of the brain controls blood levels of CO2 or hydrogen during sleep
Cerebellum
The little brain controls coordination
Midbrain
Basal ganglia in Parkinson’s
Forebrain
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Thalamus
All senses except smell pass-through here
Hypothalamus
Body temperature and has a role in the 4F’s fighting fleeing, feeding and mating.
Limbic system
Third part of the brain that controls basic emotions sex and aggression and consists of the amygdala and the hippo campus
Amygdala
Response to threats gets the ball rolling like in fight or flight threat detector
Hippo campus
Mean seahorse also in the temporal lobe involved in making new memories permanent changes in the amygdala and hippocampus in PTSD and from abuse and in major depression the hippo campus loses volume
Neuron
Specialized cells in the brain that use neurotransmitters to communicate their function is to communicate
Parts of the neuron
Dendrite axion and soma
Dendrite
Part of neuron that receives neurotransmitters it’s the keyhole and the neurotransmitter is the key
Axion
Long ride of the neuron that transmits the neurotransmitters
Soma
The neuron cell body
Synapse
The space between the neuron where the neurotransmitters hang
Reuptake
When the neurotransmitter is finished with its message it is sucked back into the axiom
Serotonin
Neurotransmitter involved in depression an inhibitor
SSRI
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Prevents serotonin from being reuptaked too soon
Dopamine
Not enough causes Parkinson’s cause the stiffness and tremors we give drugs that have ingredients in dopamine and the cells make more dopamine
Schizophrenia
Too many dopamine receptors drugs block the receptors thorazine would block all the receptors but then have symptoms of Parkinson’s stiffness and tardive dyskinesia
Clozaril
Atypical dopamine blocker that only block some receptors
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter involved in Alzheimer’s not enough causes Alzheimer’s Aricept blocks the enzyme that destroys acetylcholine
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Neurotransmitters involved in anxiety disorders along with glutamate
GABA
Gamma amino butyric acid inhibitor stops generalized anxiety disorder an inhibitor
Thorazine
Drug involved in initial schizophrenia dopamine receptor blocker’s
ABC theory of emotional disturbance
Ellis A is the event C is the outcome. Bid our thoughts about the event. Abnormal irrational thoughts B about event A cause outcome c cognitive theory
REBT
Rational emotive behavior therapy focus on challenging illlogical thinking changing a reasonable desire into a logical expectation Musterbation.
Beck’s approach
Making clients aware of cognitive distortion’s in negative schemas and then learning how to change them strong research support
Schema
A preconceived worldview based on certain underlying assumptions the framework from which we automatically organize and give meaning to information
Third wave therapy’s
Nonreactive attention to emotions can reduce the power to create emotional distress. newest cognitive behavioral therapies. Instead of trying to refute negative thoughts and feelings, view them non-reactively.
Mindfulness
Maintaining conscious attention to her present including negative emotions or thoughts with an open, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude part of third wave therapy’s
Cognitive models
Explanations based on the assumption that conscious thought mediates an individuals emotional state or behavior in response to a stimulus
Dialectical behavior therapy
DBT a supportive and collaborative therapy involving cognitive behavioral techniques and close therapist client teamwork third wave type.
Acceptance and commitment therapy ACT
Learning to notice, accept and even embrace the uncomfortable thoughts and emotions that are associated with mental distress and helping clients develop psychological flexibility
Psychological flexibility
The ability to adapt mentally and emotionally to situational demands
Humanistic Existential models
Series that emphasize the whole person rather than looking at parts of the personality or specific behavior patterns they share a set of assumptions that we see reality is the product of our unique experiences and perceptions of the world.humanistic theorists assumed we have ability to make free choices and R responsible for her own decisions.
Carl Rogers
Humanistic psychology with the theory of personality and the humanistic perspective
Humanistic perspective
The optimistic viewpoint that people are born with the ability to fulfill their potential and that every normal behavior results from disharmony between a person’s potential and self-concept
Self actualization
Abraham Maslow’s concept that our inherent tendency is to strive towards the realization of our full potential
Conditional positive regard
When significant others in our lives value was only when our actions feelings and attitudes meet theirexpectations. we begin to believe we only have worth when we have the approval of others C Rogers
Unconditional positive regard
Carl Rogers believe that one circumstances allow us to reach our full potential we avoid mental illness most suitable for this growth is unconditional positive regard : feeling loved valued and respected for who we are regardless of our behavior
Existential perspective
A set of philosophical attitudes that focus on human alienation , the individual in the context of the human condition and personal responsibility to others as well as to oneself.
Existential versus humanistic perspective’s
Existentialism differs from humanism:exfocus on irrationality difficulties and suffering of all humans ; humanist attempt to understand tthe subject with empathy, while ex believe we must be viewed with in the context of the human condition existentialist stress that we have responsibility not only for ourselves but to others
Person centered therapy
Rogers emphasize the therapist attitudes and the billeted to communicate respect understanding and acceptance are more important than specific counseling techniques assumes humans need unconditional positive regard. A humanistic therapy
Existential therapy
Rooted in philosophy and the universal challenges of existence face by all humans therapeutic client relationship is important too. through this the client can acknowledge or deal with universal challenges clients consider ways in which their freedom is impaired so they can remove obstacles to uautonomy and increased their opportunities for Choice look for hidden meanings in what they say
Social relational models
Healthy human relationships are important for optimal human development and functioning social relationships provide many intangible health benefits. When relationships are dysfunctional or absent the individual may be vulnerable to mental distress.
Family systems model
Behavior of one family member affects the entire systemand that mental illness and an individual off Netflix and healthy family dynamics especially poor communication because of mental disorders resides in the family system that any of that individual therapy must focus on the family system
Conjoint family therapeutic approach
Developed by Virginia satir stresses the importance of clear communication and teaches message sending a message to receiving skills
Strategic family approaches by Haley
Consider power struggles in the family and focus on developing a more healthy power distribution
Structural family approaches Mnuchin
Dysfunction occurs when family members have too much or too little involvement with one another
Couples therapy
Social relational approach aimed at helping couples understand the communication,role relationships on Unfulfilled needs and unrealistic or unmet expectations
Diathesis stress Theory
View the people inherit a predisposition to develop an illness the diathesis, and that certain environmental forces stressors my activate the predisposition resulting in a disorder
Contemporary psychodynamic theories
Adler and Erickson give more prominence to the egos adaptive abilities then to the instinctual drives
Bowlby, Mahler
Contemporary psychodynamic theory wrist propose that having our social needs met such as love acceptance and support her primary importance in early development and identity formation
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Contemporary psychodynamic therapy and which past relationship issues and how they affect current emotional and relationship experiences examined
Interpersonal psychotherapy
Focuses on the link between childhood experiences and current relational patterns contemporary psychodynamic theories
Social skills training
Behavioral therapy involving teaching of specific skills needed for appropriate social interaction’s
Systemic desensitization
Developed by Joseph Wolfe, involves having extinction processes occur while the client is in a competing emotional states such as relaxation behavioral therapy
Exposure therapy
Also known as extinction therapy part of a behavioral therapy that involves either graduated exposure to a feared object or flooding which involves rapid exposure to an object that causes anxiety
Cognitive behavioral models
Focus not only on our observable behaviors but also on how her thoughts influence our emotions and behaviors. We create our own problems and symptoms based on how we interpret events and situations
