Chap 7 Flashcards
Somatic symptom disorder(somatization disorder)
Condition involving pattern of reporting distressing physical symptoms combined with extreme concern about health or fears of having an on diagnosed medical condition.occurs for at least six months and also involves persistent thoughts or high anxiety regarding the symptoms and associated health concerns. Excessive focus in catastrophic thoughts related to the physical symptoms 2% women and .2 of men
Illness anxiety disorder
Chronic pattern of at least six months of preoccupation with having or contracting a serious illness or illnesses. In contrast with SSD, illness anxiety disorder involves minimal or no somatic symptoms .individuals are very anxious and easily alarmed about their health may result in excess of health related behaviors. Individual misinterprets probably very oceans or sensations as indications of a serious donis undetected disease and becomes distressed strong tendency to catastrophize, overgeneralize, display all or nothing thinking, selective attention medical information and focus primarily on threatening information.4-6% of people who visit doctors
Conversion disorder (functional neurological symptoms disorder)
Involves motor sensory or seizure like symptoms that are inconsistent with any recognize neurological or medical disorder resulting in significant distress or impairment life activities. symptoms such as muscle weakness or paralysis, unusual movement, swallowing difficulties, problems with speech,seizures or lost sensation maybe involved. Involve psycho genic movement disorders
Psycho genic
Originated from psychological causes. Symptoms aremovement disorders such as the stance and walking symptoms, blindness and loss of voice, and psychogenic seizures. They are not consciously faking symptoms.
Mallingering
Feigning illness for an external purpose of just getting out of work duties
Factitious disorder
Person deliberately induces or simulate symptoms of physical or mental illness with no apparent incentive other than attention
Factitious disorder and post on self
Symptoms of illness are deliberately induced simulated or exaggerated on oneself with no apparent external incentive previously known as hospital addiction or professional patient syndrome or Munchhausen syndrome. Maybe done compulsively may not know why doing it. 1.3% adults
Factitious disorder and post on another
Munchhausen syndrome by proxy. In majority of cases mother who appears to be loving and attentive towards child while simultaneously sabotaging the child’s health sometimes by poisoning or suffocation. Warning signs and symptoms that only occur when around and insistence on medical tests that are invasive. Mortality rate of up to 9%
Biological causes of SSD and related dissorters
Genetics only modestly contribute, environment plays a greater role. Biological vulnerabilities,such as lower pain threshold, heightened sensitivity to pain, andgreater sensitivity to somatic cues are suspected of playing a key role in somatic symptoms and health anxiety. Studies have found that those with chronic pain condition have reduced cerebral gray matter in the prefrontal areas of the brain, may have excitability between areas of brain related to emotional behaviorswhileconversion disorder may result from abnormal actions of inhibitory neural systems
Psychological dimensions of somatic illnesses
Somatic symptoms the phone against the awareness of unconscious emotional issues. Freud believes hysterical re actions caused by repression of some type of conflict issues sexual.To protect the individual from anxiety, this conflict is converted into symptoms
Secondary psychological game
Whenperson dependancy needs fulfilled by attention and sympathy
Cbt perspective of somatic disorder’s
Reinforcement Madeline lessons or a confirmation for developing ssd. People assume the Cipro because it is reinforcing and allows him to escape unpleasant circumstances or responsibilities. Convalesce serious illness physical injury and depression situations are all associated with increased risk of developing S SD. Catastrophic misinterpretation of bodily sensations or changes in bodily functions in SSD and illness anxiety disorder. Catastrophic cognitions related to somatic symptoms are more likely to develop those who are biologically or psychologically pre-disposed to baseball, people with low somatic sensitivity a low pain threshold a history of illness or who have received paternal attention for somatic symptoms
Social dimension of somatic symptom and related disorders
Being rejected by family members feeling unloved, abuse, history of sexual abuse , serious physical illness in the past 12 months ,parental characteristics preoccupied with overly attentive to somatic complaints of children , parents or family members with chronic illness or hi anxiety
Sociocultural dimension of somatic illness
Conversion disorder was initially called hysteria and was viewed as a problem that afflicted only women name comes from hysteria the ancient Greek word for you to list. Carpet is believed that a shifter movement of the uterus or so to complaints of breathing difficulties paralysis and seizures
Psycho somatic perspective
Psychological conflicts or sometimes expressed fear physical symptoms
Somatopsychic perspective
Physical problems produce psychological and emotional symptoms other cultures
Newer psychological approach to treating SSD and illness anxiety disorder
Demonstrate empathy regarding the physical complaints except them as genuine and provide information about symptoms that are often stress related. Describe how emotions such as anxiety can produce symptoms such as queasiness before a public speech. Emphasize that due to the absence of medical findings the chances for a positive outcome a good
CBT therapy for somatic symptom and health anxieties
Changing cognition such is the conviction that they are vulnerable to disease and correcting this misinterpretations
Interceptive exposure
Exposure to bodily symptoms during treatment. Therapist and client to perform activities that typically trigger anxiety symptoms such as breathing through a straw hyperventilating spinning or climbing stairs until feared reactions occur continue repeatedly until bodily sensations no longer elicit anxiety or fear
Relaxation training
Can effectively reduce the sympathetic nervous system activity found in individuals with somatic symptoms. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is another approach to lower anxiety
Dissociative disorders
Include dissociative amnesia dissociative identity disorder or and depersonalization the realization just order all of which involve some sort of dissociation or separation of a part of the persons consciousness memory or identity
Dissociative amnesia
Sudden partial or total loss of important personal information or recall of events due to psychological factors
Localized amnesia
Inability to recall events that happened in a specific period often centered on some highly painful or disturbing event. Often begins and ends very quickly
Systematized amnesia
Loss of memory for certain categories of information
Selective amnesia
Inability to remember certain details of an incident
Repressed memory
In some cases of localized amnesia the amnesia comes to light only after the individual begins to recall details of a Traumatic event or a repressed memory. Believe to result from exposure to trauma so overwhelming that the individual represses the event offer for a sustained period of time.
Dissociative fugue
Complete loss of memory of one’s life and identity unexpected travel to a new location or assumption of a new identity.As with localized amnesia recovery is often abrupt and complete
Depersonalization derealization disorder
Most common dissociative disorder. Characterized by feelings of unreality concerning the self and the environment. Diagnosis occurs only one feelings of unreality and detachment, disembodiment, and emotional numbing cause major impairment in social or occupational functioning. Often accompanied by mood or anxiety disorders.
Depersonalization
Feelings of being an outside observer to ones thoughts feelings or behaviors
Derealization
Sense of unreality or dreamlike detachment from ones environment
Dissociative identity disorder
Formerly known as multiple personality disorder is a disruption of identity as evidenced by two or more independent personality states existing in one person including experiences of possession One year problems one. 5% slightly higher in males.
Possession
The replacement of a person sense of personal identity with the supernatural spirit or power
Alters
The role of the altar is to protect the emotional well-being of the main personality from stress or trauma may be preceded by translate behavior blinking rolling of eyes or changes in posture. Gaps in memory common. Many people with D ID also reported finding themselves at a different location without knowing how they got there
Biological dimension of dissociative disorders
Disruptions in encoding of memories due to acute stress and the inability to retrieve auto biographical material because of the release hormones such as glucocorticoid which may impede the recall of Trumatic events. A typical brain functioning and structures associated with memory. MRI scans show inhibited neural activity in the hippocampus with dissociative amnesia. Reduced metabolism in prefrontal cortex involved in retrieval of autobiographical memories.
Pet an MRI scans in patients with did
Switching between personalities is associated with activation or inhibition of certain brain regions particularly the hippocampus an area involved in memories and hypothesize to be involved in the generation of dissociative state and amnesia
Childhood drama and chronic activation of stress responses due to childhood trauma
Can result in permanent structural changes in the brain reduced volume in the hippocampus in the mid to low they have or the ability of the brain to encode store and retrieve memory comprehend contradictory information integrate emotional memories
Psychological explanations for dissociative disorders
Call me from psychodynamic theory and also such as hypnotized or suggest. The psychodynamic theory dissociative disorders of us playing individuals use of repression to block unpleasant thoughts from consciousness
Post traumatic model of D ID
Role of severe childhood abuse parental neglect or abandonment and other dramatic events. Exposed to overwhelming childhood stress genetic or biological dispositions having the capacity to dissociate, encapsulating experience, development of different memory systems. Must have capacity to dissociate or separate certain memories or mental processes in response to Trumatic events
Childhood trauma in DID
Individuals with D ID has the highest rate of childhood psychological trauma compared to people with other psychiatric disorders
Socio cognitive model of the D ID
D ID is conceptualize is displays of multiple role in the apples in a been created legitimize and maintain my social reinforcement. Patient did synthesize this role in their plans by drying on the wide variety of sources of information including print and broadcast media cues provided by therapist personal experience and observation of individuals with an active multiple identities. Can explain the large increase in D ID cases after mass media portrayals of this disorder
Iatrogenic disorder
Condition inintentionally produced a therapists actions and treatment strategies such as selective attention suggestion reinforcement and expectations placed on the client. I had her genic influences are more common with this so soon disorders because of high levels of hypnotizability and suggestibility following individuals with these conditions
Treatment of dissociative disorders
No specific medications however medication sometimes prescribed to treat anxiety or depression. Same in treating dissociative amnesia and fugue. Depersonalization do you realization also subject to spontaneous remission at a much slower rate antidepressants and anti-inside he medications to treat anxiety depression and fear mindfulness techniques and normalizing minor dissociative reactions.
Treating dissociative identity disorder
Trauma focused therapy helps different identities or I’ll just become aware of one another, consider each is legitimate parts of the individual and resolve your differences. Each of the personalities is validated for help in the main personality cope with stressors and Trumatic events. Reduce cognitive distortion’s identify and work through traumatic memories learn to identify and deal with her and stressors develop healthy relationships and self-care assisting all identities to view themselves as legitimate part of the self and integration and final fusion
Difference between somatization disorders and somatic symptom disorder
Somatizationdisorders required multiple distressing physical complaints of treatments before age 30, at least eight symptoms involving somatic symptoms that are medically unexplained. Somatic symptom disorder needs one or more somatic complaints and persistent thoughts and concerns about it, high levels of anxiety over health and spending excessive time on symptoms
