Chap 11

Question 1

Substance abuse

Answer 1

Excessive or harm for use of drugs or Alcohol 8.5% of the population met criteria for a substance use disorder at sometime in 2012. Alcohol is the most commonly abuse substance. Marijuana is the most frequently abused it was a drug found by pain relievers and cocaine. 9.2% of adolescents and adults use illicit drugs such as cannabis cocaine or illegally obtained prescription medication. Young adults 18 to 25 reporting high rates of heavy and binge drinking and marijuana use the schools non-medical use of prescription drugs

Question 2

Substance use disorder

Answer 2

Condition in which cognitive behavioral and physiological symptoms contribute to the continued use of alcohol or drugs despite significant substance related problems. Substance abuse is twice is prevalent in men and boys. Although abuse rates are almost equal for girls and boys ages 12 to 17

Question 3

Psychoactive substances

Answer 3

Substances that alter moods, thought process, or other psychological states. Heavy substance use cause changes in the brain that result in the behaviors and characterize addiction

Question 4

Addiction

Answer 4

Compulsive drug seeking behavior and a loss of control over drug use. It’s difficult to stop using the substance not only because of the portable feelings associated with years but also because of the with drawl symptoms that occur when it is discontinued

Question 5

With drawl

Answer 5

Evers physical and psychological symptoms that occur after reducing or ceasing intake of a substance. Occurs when chronic exposure to a substance results in physiological dependence

Question 6

Physiological dependence

Answer 6

State of adaptation that occurs after chronic exposure to a substance; can result in craving and with drawl symptoms.

Question 7

Tolerance

Answer 7

Progressive decreases in the effectiveness of the substance that occur after chronic use. With drawl or tolerance indicate physiological dependence has developed

Question 8

DSM-V criteria for substance use disorder

Answer 8

A substance use disorder may be appropriate diagnosis went least two of the following characteristics occur within a 12 month. And cause significant impairment or distress: quantity or amount of time spent using is greater than intended; efforts to control use our unsuccessful due to persistent desire for substance; considerable time is spent using the substance recovering from it’s a fax or attempting to obtain it; a strong desire craving or urge to use the substance is present; substance use interferes with major role applications at work score home; use of substance continues despite harmful social or enter personal fax cost or made worse by yourself; just patient social worker leisure activities as avoided a reduced do the substance use; continued substance use occurs even one substance is causing physical or psychological problems; tolerance for substance develops including the need for increasing quantities to achieve intoxication; after heavier sustain use of a substance reduction or abstinence results in with drawl symptoms or precipitates resumption of the use of a substance or similar substances to avoid withdrawal. 2-3 mild, 4-5 moderate, 6 or more severe substance-use disorder.

Question 9

Intoxication

Answer 9

Distinct and recognizable pattern of problematic behaviors or psychological changes associated with use or abuse of a substance.

Question 10

Alcohol intoxication and withdraw

Answer 10

Intoxication includes slurred speech, unsteady gait, inappropriate sexual or aggressive behavior etc. with drawl produces agitation sweating insomnia hand tremor and hallucinations.

Question 11

Cannabis intoxication and withdraw

Answer 11

Intoxication includes increased appetite euphoria sensation of slow time, social withdrawal etc. Cannabis with drawl can result in irritability, Amber, or aggression; decreased appetite or depressed mood

Question 12

Other symptoms caused by substance use

Answer 12

Can cause depressive, anxiety, or psychotic disorders and individuals who’ve never previously experienced such. Substance induced disorders develop within one month of using the substance and involves symptoms associated with the particular substance.

Question 13

Depressants

Answer 13

A substance that causes a slowing of responses and generalized depression of the central nervous system. Includes alcohol opiates sedative, anxiolytics.

Question 14

Alcohol

Answer 14

Taste initially unpleasant continue drinking. Heavy drinking help someone fit in socially and reducing Zaidi in work in social situations. Preoccupation with alcohol and deterioration of social and occupational functioning also characteristic of problem drinkers. Moderate drinking refers to generally no more than one drink for women or two drinks for Man. Heavy drinking involves consumption of more than two drinks per dayor 14 drinks per week for Man and more than one drink per day or seven drinks per week for women. Binge drinking is episodic drinking and having five or more drinks and a single occasion for Man and four or more drinks for women.

Question 15

Rates of alcohol use

Answer 15

More than half of US adolescent center adults so they can send at least one alcoholic drink in the previous month. One fourth of US Americans age 12 or older binge drink. 6.5% engage in heavy drinking or binge drinking five or more days per month. Males are more likely to consume alcohol and engage in binge and heavy drinking. Asian Americans found by African-Americans have a lowest levels of excessive drinking. Native Americans begin drinking at the earliest age I have the highest with the alcohol consumption whereas Latino men have the highest rates of daily alcohol consumption. Binge drinking especially problematic among those age 21 to 25 with 45% engaging in binge drinking and 14.4% and binge drink at least five days per month. 18% lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorder. Highest among European Americans Native Americans males and those who are younger and on married with lower incomes.

Question 16

How does alcohol affect the body

Answer 16

Alcohol content appointment percent equivalent of 3 ounces of whiskey or three glasses of beer in deuces muscular coordination and judgment impairment. Higher levels .3% can result in loss of consciousness or even death alcohol impairs judgment and can increase aggression and impulsivity. Alcohol is frequently associated with suicidal behavior.

Question 17

Cleanup enzymes

Answer 17

Aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH made by our bodies to counteract taxes that build up is her body metabolize alcohol. Males specially under males produce more than females some people Asians produce less. Carbonated beverages and aspirins accelerate alcohol absorption and reduce efficiency of ALTH whereas food slows absorption, giving enzymes time to work.

Question 18

Alcohol poisoning

Answer 18

Texaco fucks resulting from rapidly consuming alcohol or adjusting a large quantity of alcohol; can result in impaired breathing, and death. Can be exacerbated by vomiting and dehydration that occur as the body attempts to rid itself of excess alcohol. Lifetime prevalence of alcohol use disorder in the US is 18%

Question 19

Alcoholic

Answer 19

Person who has become dependent on alcohol in her exhibits characteristics of an alcohol use disorder. When are twice as likely to develop an alcohol use disorder although alcoholism and women progresses more rapidly

Question 20

Alcoholism

Answer 20

Broad term referring to a condition in which the individual is dependent on alcohol and has difficulty controlling drinking. Some people become physiologically pendant that is if they stop drinking alcohol withdrawal symptoms develop such a headache fatigue sweating body tremors and the changes. Severe withdrawal can produce delirium tremens

Question 21

Delirium tremens

Answer 21

Life-threatening with drawl symptoms that can result from chronic alcohol use. Begins with profound anxiety agitation and confusion followed by seizures disorientation, hallucinations, or extreme lethargy.

Question 22

Consequences associated with excessive alcohol use

Answer 22

Quick tolerance, tolerance does not decrease toxicity, neurological effects including impaired motor skills, reduce reasoning and judgment, memory deficits, distractibility, and reduce motivation. Alcohol affects the liver in the entire cardiovascular system. People who continue to drink demonstrate to clients in a logical functioning

Question 23

Abstinence

Answer 23

Refraining from use of alcohol drugs or other addictive substances. Alcohol abstinence can lead to cognitive improvement where is those who are heavy drinkers off and demonstrate ongoing impairment.

Question 24

Hi functioning alcoholics

Answer 24

They work raise families to maintain social relationships. Although they’re aware of the negative physical social consequences of the drinking and distressed over there in a blue control call and take the offer tonight I have a problem or hide your drinking.

Question 25

Opioids

Answer 25

Pain killing agents that depress the central nervous system. Heroin and Opm are both a ride from the Opm plant are the best known illicit opioids.all opioids including morphine codeine and oxycodone are highly addictive and require medical management one prescribed for pain and anxiety. Miss use of illegal we obtain prescriptions as rising. Prescription opioids and consider a gateway drug. They produce both euphoria and drowsiness. Tolerance builds quickly resulting in dependency and I need for increased doses. With drawl symptoms including restlessness, muscle pain, insomnia, and cold flashes are often severe. Lethargy, fatigue, anxiety and disturb sleep may persist for months and drug cravings can persist for years

Question 26

Gateway drug

Answer 26

A substance leading to the use of more dangerous drugs

Question 27

Sedatives hypnotics in anxiolytics

Answer 27

Sedatives are a class of drugs and have a calming or sedating effect. Hypnotics are a class of medication that induce sleep, and anxiolytics a class of medications that reduce anxiety known as minor tranquilizers. Sedatives including Hypnotik an NCO lytics have calming a fax and I prescribed reduce muscle tension insomnia agitation and anxiety.

Question 28

Barbiturates and benzodiazepines

Answer 28

Barbiturate such a sucker know and phenobarbital and benzodiazepines such as Valium, Ativan, and Xanax provide rapid and Zaidi reducing the fax when used to matter doses. Hired houses are prescribed to induce hypnotic or sleep

Question 29

Effects of sedatives

Answer 29

And low-dose was the cause drowsiness impaired judgment and diminished motor skills. Excessive use can lead to accidental overdose and death. Combining alcohol with sedatives can be especially dangerous because alcohol compounds the depressant effects. High potential for tolerance and physiological dependence. Sedative with drawl can produce insomnia nervousness headache and drowsiness. People prescribe sedatives for anxiety are twice as likely to develop a sedative use disorder greatest risk windows is our high senators are used for more than one month or there is a personal or family history of substance-abuse

Question 30

Stimulants

Answer 30

Acceptance that speeds up the central nervous system activity they’re used to produce feelings of euphoria and well-being, improve mental and physical performance, reduce appetite, and prevent sleep. Unwanted physiological effects include arrhythmias, dizziness, tremors, and sweating. Psychological side effects can include anxiety, restlessness, agitation, hostility and paranoia. Binge use leads to acute psychosis.

Question 31

Caffeine

Answer 31

Stimulant found in coffee chocolate tea and soft drinks. Most widely consumed psychoactive substance in the world price by almost every culture for increasing attentiveness. 90% of adults in North America use caffeine every day. Tolerance can develop.caffeine intoxication can produce restlessness , nervousness, insomnia, and cardiac arrhythmia. Caffeine with drawl includes headache, fatigue, irritability and difficult with concentration. Caffeine-use disorder is proposed diagnostic category

Question 32

Amphetamines

Answer 32

Known as offers they significantly speed up central nervous system activity. Include Ridellan, Adderall, and Dexedrine prescribed to treat attention and sleep disorders 2% of US adults have experienced and feta mean use disorder most common in those will take them intravenously or nasally snorting a high doses. Can induce feelings of euphoria and confidence. Agitation psychosis and assault of her suicidal behaviors can also occur brain damage can result from chronic stimulant abuse.

Question 33

Methamphetamine

Answer 33

Dangerous and feta mean it is eaten, snorted, injected or heated and smoked in rock crystal form is used by .2% of the population. Popular due to low cost and wrap at you for the fax serious health facts include permanent damage to the heart lungs and immune system . profound Dental and aging affects of methamphetamine.
Significant psychological changes can occur including psychosis, depression, suicide and violent behavior high potential for abuse and addiction

Question 34

Cocaine

Answer 34

A stimulant extracted from the coca plant, induces feelings of energy and euphoria. Crack is the potent form of cocaine produced by heating cocaine with other substances, (freebasing)sold and in small pieces (rocks) typically smoked. Crack produces immediate but short-lived effects. Cocaine has high potential for addiction sometimes only after a short period of use. .6% of the population 1.6 million use it with 1.1 million demonstrating a stimulant use disorder. With drawl causes lethargy and depression. Users often take multiple doses in rapid succession trying to re-create the high. High cost and increased doses cause the user to resort to crime. Irregular heartbeat stroke and death may occur. May experience a cute psychiatricssymptoms including delusions paranoia and hallucinations. Chronic difficulties such as in Zaidi depression sexual dysfunction and sleep difficulties also regular users often have a short lifespan.

Question 35

Rohtpnol

Answer 35

Known as a date rape drug, is a sedative that significantly impairs cognitive functioning and short term memory. May feel sedated and behave in uninhibited manor and have no recall of events that occurred while drugged

Question 36

Hallucinogens

Answer 36

A substance that induces perceptual distortions and a height and sensory awareness. They can produce vivid sensory experiences including hallucinations. Traditional hallucinogen are derived from natural sources: lysergic acid diethylamide LSD from a grainfungus, psilocybin from mushrooms, mescaline from the peyote cactus. Salvia from an herb in the mint family. 1.1 million people are .4% of the US population used hallucinogens in 2012. 4.2% users develop hallucinogen persisting perception disorder which the experience to stressing recurves who’s the nations or other sensation weeks or even years after drug intake. The fax can vary significantly even for same person. Good trips are associated with sharp and visual and auditory perception, I didn’t send Seshan, and perceptions of profound insight. Bad trips can produce severe depression disorientation delusions and sensory distortions that result in fear and panic. They are not addictive tolerance does the Val Poe ever. Large doses are not typically fatal except for unwittingly committed suicide

Question 37

Dissociative anesthetics

Answer 37

Phencyclodine known as PCP, and Ketamine sometimes referred to as special K both highly dangerous and potentialy addictive substances. Developed for use as anesthetics in veterinary medicine they produce a dream like detachment in humans. PCP and ketamine are very similar chemically and have a potential to produce a phencyclidine -use disorder. Affects are dissociative, stimulant, depressant, amnesic and hallucinogenic. PCP and ketamine are among the most dangerous so called club drugs. Cause disconnection,perceptual distortions, euphoria and confusion as well as delusions hostility and violent psychotic behavior. Frequent users demonstrate cognitive and memory deficits and depressive dissociative and delusional symptoms. Delusions can persist even after Stopping of use.

Question 38

Dextromethorphan DXM

Answer 38

Active ingredient in many over-the-counter cold medications is a frequently miss use dissociative anesthetic. 5% of 12 graders report using this to get high. Affects of abuse can include this orientation confusion and sensory distortion. Large quantities can result in hyperthermia elevated body temperature, my blood pressure and heart arrhythmia. Sizzurp is a dangerous combo of DXM, soda and candy.

Question 39

Substances with mixed chemical properties

Answer 39

Nicotine, cannabis, and he wins, designer drugs including ecstasy.

Question 40

Nicotine

Answer 40

Highly addictive and can result in tobacco use disorder. Stimulant and low doses and relaxant and hire ptosis. 26.7% of the population on the 70 million used to be a Coke products primarily cigarettes. Peak use is in the 20s. More common among males and females. College students less likely to smoke then peers. Nicotine releases both adrenaline and dopamine which deliver a burst ofEnergy and feeling so pleasure respectively. First cigarette greatest stimulant effects. With drawl include difficulty concentrating restlessness anxiety,depressed mood and irritability. 5 million people die each year throughout the world due to tobacco use. Most preventable cause premature death. Feeling relaxed immediately after first puff of a cigarette was leaving predictor of becoming dependent on cigarettes and being unable to quit. A person 29% of the adolescence. Number of users vaping in middle and high school students is doubling in one year period.

Question 41

Cannabis

Answer 41

Botanical name for a plant that contains a chemical delta nine tetrahydrocannabinol, referred to as THC can produce stimulant, depressant, and hallucinogenic effects marijuana is derived from the leaves in flowery top of a cannabis plant where is hashish which contains particularly high levels of THC comes from pressed resin of the plant. Produces feelings of euphoria, tranquility, impassivity combine with mild perceptual and sensory distortions. Can also increase in Zaidi and depression. Some individuals develop chronic psychotic symptoms or schizophrenia Fallon cannabis shoes especially when used at young age. Marijuana most commonly used illicit drug worldwide US almost 20,000,000 adults and adolescents report current use. Males more likely to use. 36.4% of 12 graders used marijuana in the previous year. is a gateway drug. His addictive potential drug most frequently associated with the substance used to sorter diagnosis.4 million adolescents and adults demonstrated a cannabis use disorder and 201210% of those who use it become dependent on the drug. With drawl symptoms include irritability, and Zaidi, insomnia, restlessness, and depression as well as the stress and physical symptoms such as stomach pain tremors sweating, fever and headache

Question 42

Long-term use of cannabis

Answer 42

Impaired judgment, memory, and concentration. Diminished cognitive functioning involving attention memory and learning can persist for years especially for those we can use it during adolescence. Adolescents who use it frequently have lower academic treatment as well as subtle abnormalities in brain structure.

Question 43

Inhalants

Answer 43

Phone and household products including Sullivan’s office supplies aerosol spray is a compressed air products. Inhalation is known as Hoffing accomplished her sniffing fumes from containers Baxter ball or directly in hailing aerosol spray’s were using and he wants UberX most commonly used them on those 12 to 17 considered a silent epidemic although rate is declining 10.8% of eighth graders yesterday once in 2014 experimental use usually occurs before experimentation with the back or alcohol. Fortunately does not appear to be a gateway drug to Colfax including pair coordination of judgment, euphoria, dizziness and slurred speech. Affects our brief hypoxia results in the persistent cognitive deficit such as Severe memory impairment and slow information processing can result in stroke acute respiratory distress or sudden heart failure known as sudden sniffing death. Fail I’ll come most common with compressed air products aerosol spray’s air fresheners butane propane and nitrous oxide. Produces a number of emotional and her pulse difficulties including paranoid thinking and suicide ideation. And one sample of inhalant abusers 20% had attempted suicide and 67% contemplated. Product and he won’t abuse associated with high levels of anxiety and depression as well as antisocial behavior and interpersonal violence

Question 44

Designer drugs

Answer 44

Substance manufactured as recreational drugs using a variety of chemicals. Synthetic drugs were created to limit the effects of hallucinogenic or stimulant drugs will availing legal restrictions bailable in pills and powders are liquids and sold over the Internet they include substances such as ecstasy or MDMA synthetic marijuana MD PV just be at salts or plant food DOM notice STP or serenity tranquility and peace promo dragonfly will be fly with persistent hallucinogenic effects MXE with effects like pcp and ketamine.

Question 45

Ecstasy

Answer 45

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine or MDMA. Short term effects include euphoria sensory and cognitive distortion feelings of intimacy and well-being these are often followed by intense depression. Users frequently experience hyperthermia or the need to suck a lollipop specifiers counteract voluntary just be as him some teeth clenching high school uses decreasing ecstasy appears to have any chemical properties that accelerate development physiological dependence even among those who do not use it regularly. With drawl includes depression irritability and social withdrawal. 55% of users met the criteria for dependence. Link to long lasting damage in brain areas critical for thought and memory. Atherosclerosis or hardening of the arteries was found in 58% of those dying from ecstasy this affect is typically seen and cocaine and methamphetamine users.

Question 46

Club drugs

Answer 46

Designer drugs including ecstasy and substances such as PCP, Catemine, rohypnol consider club drugs because they are often used in the club or party context. They induce energy and excitement reduce inhibitions and creat
feelings of well-being in connection with others positive affects last hours but they are typically followed by a crash: lethargy, low motivation and fatigue. . Energy exertion intensifies harmful effects particularly hyperthermia and dehydration. Extreme depression and Zaidi as well as a cute physical symptoms and changes in blood pressure can occur combined were taken with alcohol

Question 47

GHB

Answer 47

Another club drug with high addictive potential is gamma hydroxybutyrate a substance use primarily by males because of its purported strength-enhancing properties. GHB is sometimes referred to as liquid ecstasy is the central nervous system depressant with strong sedative effects.

Question 48

Synergistic effect

Answer 48

The result of chemicals or substances interacting to multiply one another’s effects.One group of brave attendees XC tested positive for an average of four other drugs. Combining alcohol and energy drinks results in more heavy drinking episodes drunkenness and alcohol related consequences such as sexual assault physical injury and driving while intoxicated.

Question 49

Typical progression toward drug abuse or dependence

Answer 49

First individual decides to experiment perhaps because of curiosity or to enhance self-confidence or rebel against authorities imitate others or conform to social pressure. Second substance begins to serve an important purpose such as reducing anxiety producing feelings of pleasure over Hanson social relationships third brain chemistry becomes altered from the substance and physiological dependence he may develop resulting in craving for the substance and withdrawal symptoms if discontinued. Difficult to experience pleasure without it.Fourth lifestyle changes occur due to chronic use including loss of interest in previous activities and social relationships preoccupation with opportunities to use the substance.

Question 50

Psychological to mention

Answer 50

Coping with psychological stress and emotional symptoms is a major motive for substance use. 40% of adults with the substance use disorder have a concurrent psychiatric disorder. 20 million adults have a substance use disorder in 2010. Illegal substance use is higher among individuals with a mental illness 26% then I’m on those without 12%. Drugs and alcohol are often used to self medicate

Question 51

Four categories of life stressors that influence substance use and the development of substance use disorders

Answer 51

General life stress such is work relationships; stress resulting from trauma or catastrophic events; childhood maltreatment; and stress of discrimination. Those with most severe PTSD symptoms especially hyper arousal and reexperiencing the trauma reported greatest dependence on marijuana supporting the self-medication hypothesis. Large number of problem drinkers reported using alcohol to cope with mood symptoms increased likelihood of developing alcohol use disorder. Internalizing disorders such as depression and anxiety often precedes substance use and abuse. Longitudinal study showed symptoms of stress depression and inside he proceeded and predicted binge drinking a lot legal drug use and smoking. And Zaidi diagnosis, come on smokers seeking treatment.24% of those trying to put smoking had major depression.

Question 52

Behavioral under control

Answer 52

Personality trait associated with rebelliousness novelty seeking wrist taking and impulsivity. Increases risk of substance use and abuse. More likely to experiment with substances and continue use because they find the effects rewarding and exciting. Siblings of individuals with a stimulant use disorder tended to be highly impulsive suggesting that impulsivity maybe a behavioral and the phenotype and increases risk for stimulant dependence.The trait of risk taking is linked with the pattern of neurological response to reported to the patient that occurs in those with substance use disorders.

Question 53

Social factors and substance abuse

Answer 53

Victimization and stressful events in childhood including neglect an emotional, physical and sexual abuse or strongly associated with substance use later in life especially those with multiple victimization experiences. Earlier onset of drinking or drug use among individuals exposed to childhood maltreatment. Childhood trauma may increase the likelihood of impulse of behaviors and responses to stress.in 15% of adolescents with the vault and alcohol use disorder in the 16.4% depending on other drugs by late adolescence the mean onset of drinking orillegaldrug use was 14. When parents use drugs or alcohol Lipply something children. Adolescence to receive less parental monitoring have increased substance use as do those whose parents feel unable to enforce rules or influence decisions related to substance use and those whose parents believe cultural myth such as all adolescents experiment or it’s OK to have teens drink at home. First year of college particularly vulnerable transition.those who overestimate pier use of alcohol and marijuana I have an increased likelihood of using the substances

Question 54

Sociocultural dimension

Answer 54

Latino Hispanic Americans in middle school are more likely to smoke cigarettes consume alcohol and use marijuana compared to other racial groups whereasAsian American middle school students leastlikely to engage.African-American adolescent show lower rates of using alcohol or illicit drugs then European Americans and Latino Hispanic Americans that most age levels althoughgap narrowing.latino Americans have highest prevalence of illicit drug use although European-American adolescence have the highest rate of prescription drug misuse

Question 55

Biological to mention

Answer 55

Substance use alters brain functioning. Some drugs such as cannabis produce changes by mimicking the actions of various narrow transmitters. Other drugs such a stimulus flood the blame dopamine and alter the dopamine reward circuit the neurological pathways associated with pleasure. The high resulting from excessive dopamine reinforcers continued drug use. Eventually substance use crowds out other pleasures and turns into an all consuming compulsive desire. When exposed to excessive dopamine brain cells adapt to overstimulation by decreasing the number of dopamine receptors, self protective mode in order to maintain equilibrium. As the brain becomes less sensitive to the effects of dopamine and drug tolerance develops brain requires more of the substance to re-create the original high this means that drugs and alcohol as well as other normally enjoyable activities bring limited pleasure.

Question 56

Substance induced changes in the prefrontal cortex

Answer 56

Result in impaired judgment and decision making. Changes also reduce self-control making it difficult to resist cravings associated with substance use leads to compulsive drug seeking behavior without consideration of negative consequences. Adolescence through early adulthood is a critical period for new wants development of the prefrontal cortex Kinley to lifelong pattern of neurological dysregulation and substance abuse

Question 57

Genetic factors play in important role development of substance abuse

Answer 57

Strong evidence that substance abuse runs in families based on twin studies and analysis of family patterns of addiction 56% of the risk of alcohol dependence and 55% for nicotine dependence associated with genetic factors. Genetic factors accounted for 75% of illicit drug abuse with cannabis dependence having the strongest genetic risk. Jeans can affect what drug person may be susceptible to abusing as well as degree of pleasure or version experience during initial use of substances as well as negative and positive affects of ongoing use. And some jeans can decrease the risk of substance abuse such as those with decreased production of alcohol clean up enzyme AL DH. Women show more rapid progression to addiction compared to Man and are more reactive to drug related cues and more susceptible to relapse. Affects of us Tradjenta which can influence dopamine levels and susceptibility to the reinforcing effects of the substances

Question 58

Treatment for substance use disorders

Answer 58

Self-help group meetings are the most commonmeans of substance abuse intervention in the United States with 2.2 million individuals participating in such groups and cost is off of the significant beer too many who realize they have an abuse problem but are unable to initiate treatment of the 22 million whoever substance use disorder in 2012 only 4 million receive some form of intervention from my physician self-help group or outpatient therapy.

Question 59

Two faces to most drug and alcohol treatment programs

Answer 59

Detox if Acacian in which the user ceases or reduce his use of the substance medical supervision maybe necessary to manage with drawl symptoms. The second phase is preventing relapse or a return to use the substance support is very important at this stage because relapse is common among those attempting to recover from alcohol or drugs

Question 60

Neural plasticity

Answer 60

He ability of the brain to change its structure and function in response to experience. An important concept in addiction treatment. Relapse prevention must consider physiological and psychological with drawl symptoms person maybe experiencing as well as neurological changes that occur due to the substance-abuse. Sustained abstinence is necessary for permanent neurological changes to occur in for maximizing treatment results.relapse is often viewed not as a treatment failure but as an indicator the treatment needs to be intensified. Medication helps prevent with drawl symptoms but medication alone is not sufficient to prevent relapse

Question 61

Contingency management procedures

Answer 61

Participants receive either voucher or cash incentives for verified abstinence, adherence to treatment goals, or compliance with prescribed medication plan cancer Atlee reduced relapse verification using toxicology screening is an important component of it

Question 62

Motivational enhancement therapy

Answer 62

Therapeutic approach that addresses ambivalence and helps clients consider the advantages and disadvantage is of continuing substance use. Once there is a commitment to change relapse risk is reduced in therapy moves forward with an emphasis on life modifications required for abstinence

Question 63

Treatment for alcohol use disorder

Answer 63

Participation in AAA combine with mental health treatment is strongly associated with positive long-term outcomes than his professional treatment alone. Strong association between regular attendance at meetings and decreased alcohol use. Chronic alcoholism changes cerebral functioning and fundamental and long lasting Waze and people who are recovering from alcoholism is completely abstain from

Question 64

Controlled drinking

Answer 64

Proponents of us feel that under the right conditions people with alcoholism can learn to limit their drinking to appropriate levels there is evidence of me use for some people but abstinence increase the likelihood of continued recovery

Question 65

Medications frequently used to treat alcohol abuse

Answer 65

And abuse disulfiram produces a version of alcohol by creating unpleasant symptoms of alcohol is consumed. Become per se can help maintain abstinence and reduce relapse rates especially among those with underground the parts of Acacian naltrexone can reduce desire for or pleasuring using alcohol sometimes effective in reducing heavy drinking especially for individuals who stop drinking before starting the medicationnow machine recently approved helps reduce the amount of alcohol consumed usually use as a harm control measure in individuals were not achieved abstinence