Chapter 9-11 Mastering Practice Questions Flashcards
Joints can be classified structurally as... A. Bony B. Fibrous C. Synovial D. Cartilaginous E. All of the answers are correct
E. All of the answers are correct
A suture is an example of a(n)... A. Synarthrosis B. Symphysis C. Diarthrosis D. Syndesmosis E. Amphiarthrosis
A. Synarthrosis
Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to... A. Dense regular connective tissue B. Fibrous cartilage C. Rigid cartilaginous bridge D. Completely fused E. Periodontal ligament
B. Fibrous cartilage
Identify the incorrect pair…
A. Synarthrosis; immovable joint
B. Chondrosis; freely moving joint
C. Gomphosis; articulation between tooth and bone
D. Amphiarthrosis; slightly movable joint
E. They are all correct; there is no incorrect pair.
B. Chondrosis; freely moving joint
Based on a functional classification, the hip joint is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Syndesmosis B. Synarthrosis C. Amphiarthrosis D. Diarthrosis
D. Diarthrosis
Which of the following occurs when the articular cartilage is damaged?
A. Normal synovial joint function is unable to continue
B. The matrix begins to break down
C. The exposed surface appears rough
D. Friction in the joint increases
E. All of the answers are correct
E. All of the answers are correct
Which of the following is NOT a function of synovial fluid?
A. Increases osmotic pressure within joint
B. Shock absorption
C. Lubrication
D. Protects articular cartilages
E. Provides nutrients
A. Increases osmotic pressure within joint
The surface of articular cartilage is... A. Smooth B. Rough C. Flat D. Slick E. Both slick and smooth
E. Both slick and smooth
Mike falls off his skateboard and sprains his ankle. Which of the following most likely occurs with this type of accident?
A. Dislocation of the ankle occurs.
B. The tibia is broken and must be set in a cast.
C. A bursa is damaged and leaks synovial fluid.
D. A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged.
E. Articulating bones are forced out of position and ligaments are torn.
D. A ligament is stretched and collagen fibers in the ligament are damaged
Usually found outside the capsule, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ protect the articular cartilages and act as packing material for the joint. A. Tendons B. Fat pads C. Ligaments D. Bursae E. Menisci
B. Fat pads
Small pockets of synovial fluid that reduce friction and act as a shock absorber where ligaments and tendons rub against other tissues are called A. Fasciae B. Menisci C. Bursae D. Fat pads E. Lacunae
C. Bursae
A \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occurs when articulating surfaces are forced out of position. A. Bunion B. Bursitis C. Dislocation D. Fracture E. Sprain
C. Dislocation
A collagenous type of connective tissue that reinforces the synovial joint and is found outside the joint capsule is called the A. Intracapsular ligament B. Intracapsular tendon C. Extracapsular ligament D. Meniscus E. Extracapsular tendon
C. Extracapsular ligament
A movement away from the midline of the body is called... A. Extension B. Flexion C. Abduction D. Inversion E. Adduction
C. Abduction
To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called... A. Opposition B. Retraction C. Circumduction D. Rotation E. Eversion
A. Opposition
Monaxial joints are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ joints. A. Ball-and-socket B. Condylar C. Saddle D. Gliding E. Hinge
E. Hinge
In a triaxial articulation... A. Movement can occur in all three axes B. Movement can occur in only two axes C. No movement is possible D. Only circumduction is possible E. Movement can occur in only one axis
A. Movement can occur in all three axes
An extension past the anatomical position is known as... A. Double-jointed B. Rotation C. Flexion D. Hyperextension E. Extension
D. Hyperextension
Which of the following movements is a good example of supination? A. Spreading the fingers B. Turning the hand palm upward C. Opening the mouth D. Extreme bending of the head backwards E. Moving the hand toward the shoulder
B. Turning the hand palm upward
Which of the following movements is a good example of depression? A. Spreading the fingers B. Turning the hand palm upward C. Moving the hand toward the shoulder D. Extreme bending of the head backwards E. Opening the mouth
E. Opening the mouth
Nodding your head "yes" is an example of... A. Pronation and supination. B. Lateral and medial rotation. C. Circumduction. D. Flexion and extension. E. Protraction and retraction.
D. Flexion and extension
The atlantoaxial joint is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ joint. A. Pivot B. Gliding C. Condyloid D. Saddle E. Ball and socket
A. Pivot
Excessive turning of the sole of the foot outward is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A, Protraction B. Inversion C. Eversion D. Dorsiflexion
C. Eversion
Which of the following synovial joints would allow angular, monaxial movement? A. First carpometacarpal joint (thumb) B. Hip joint C. Atlanto-axial joint (C1-C2 vertebrae) D. Knee joint
D. Knee joint
The flava ligament is…
A. A paired ligament that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae.
B. A fibrous band that connects the posterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies.
C. A band of fibrous tissue connecting the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae.
D. A longitudinal fibrous band that is attached to the tips of spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum.
E. A wide fibrous band that connect the anterior surfaces of the adjacent vertebral bodies.
A. A paired ligament that connect the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
A chiropractor manipulates joints, specifically the vertebral joints, to correct dislocations. What is another way to state this?
A. A dislocation can only be corrected by a chiropractor.
B. A chiropractor corrects major dislocations that occur at amphiarthroses.
C. Synarthroses are major weak points for subluxations.
D. A chiropractor puts pressure on specific points to correct partial dislocations.
D. A chiropractor puts pressure on specific points to correct partial dislocations
Structurally, the joint found between adjacent vertebral bodies is a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Synovial B. Syndesmosis C. Synarthrosis D. Symphysis
D. Symphysis
The elbow joint is extremely stable because
A. The joint lacks bursae
B. The articular capsule is thin
C. The ulna and humerus interlock
D. Several muscles support the joint capsule
E. The capsule lacks ligaments
C. The ulna and humerus interlock
The ligaments that limit the anterior-posterior movement of the tibia and maintain the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles are the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ ligaments. A. Cruciate B. Fibular collateral C. Patellar D. Tibial collateral E. Popliteal
A. Cruciate
The structures that assist the bursae in reducing friction between the patella and other tissues are the A. Cruciate ligaments B. Lateral menisci C. Fat pads D. Medial menisci E. Popliteal ligaments
C. Fat pads
The normal movement of the knee joint during walking involves... A. Extension B. Abduction C. Flexion D. Adduction E. Both flexion and extension
E. Both flexion and extension
Complete dislocation of the knee is rare because…
A. The femur articulates with the tibia at the knee.
B. The knee contains fat pads to absorb shocks.
C. The knee contains seven major ligaments.
D. The knee is extremely resilient.
E. The knee is protected by the patella.
C. The knee contains seven major ligaments
The “rotator cuff” of the shoulder functions to…
A. Reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements.
B. Reinforce the joint capsule.
C. Allow biaxial movement.
D. Allow monaxial movement.
E. Limit the range of movements.
A. Reinforce the joint capsule and limit the range of movements
Factors that increase the stability of the hip joint include... A. Strong muscular padding. B. Almost complete bony socket. C. Supporting ligaments. D. Tough capsule. E. All of the answers are correct.
E. All of the answers are correct
The most common type of joint inflammation is called... A. Rheumatism B. Degenerative joint disease C. Rheumatoid arthritis D. Osteoporosis E. Gouty arthritis
B. Degenerative joint disease
Smooth muscle contracts when calcium binds to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and activates \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Calmodulin; actin B. Troponin; tropomyosin C. Troponin; myosin light chain kinase D. Calmodulin; myosin light chain kinase
D. Calmodulin; myosin light chain kinase
Which of these is NOT a function of smooth muscle?
A. Adjusting airway diameter
B. Elevating skin hairs
C. Pushing blood into the great vessels of the heart
D. Churning the stomach contents
C. Pushing blood into the great vessels of the heart
Which of the following is true about the difference between cardiac muscle cells and skeletal muscle cells?
A. Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated discs where skeletal muscle cells do not.
B. Cardiac muscle cells does not have striations like skeletal muscle cells.
C. Cardiac muscle cells have more nuclei in them than skeletal muscle cells.
D. Cardiac muscle cells does not have t-tubules.
E. Cardiac muscle cells does not have sarcomeres.
A. Cardiac muscle cells have intercalated discs where skeletal muscle cells do not
The soleus muscle is very red in color. Which of these statements about soleus muscle fibers is FALSE? A. They are rich in myoglobin B. They are large in diameter C. They have a slow twitch speed D. They are slow to fatigue
B. They are large in diameter
Increased muscle fiber endurance can be produced by __________.
A. The amount of excitation-contraction coupling
B. A muscle fiber with a smaller diameter
C. The type of activity performed
D. The length of the muscle fiber
C. The type of activity performed
Muscle fatigue occurs because of a buildup of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ in pH. A. Lactic acid; increase B. Creatine phosphate; decrease C. Creatine phosphate; increase D. Lactic acid; decrease
D. Lactic acid; decrease
Fatigued muscles signify \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Accumulation of pyruvic acid B. Decreased pH C. Lowered body temperature D. Oxygen recovery
B. Decreased pH