Chapter 9+10- Mitosis Amd Flashcards
Cell cycle
Life a cell from when is just newly divide to until it divides it self
Cell Divisiom
When a cell splits and goes throught mitosis two cells and reproduce
Genome
A cells DNA, or genetic information
Chromatin
Entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes
Somatic cells
Contain the normal amount of chromosomes
Gametes
Have 23 chromosomes and are sperm or egg
Sister chromosomes
Joined copies of original chromosome
Centromere
A region containing specific DNA where a chromatid is most closely attached to the sister chromatid
Mitosis
The division of the genetic material in the nuclear
Cytokinesis
The split up of the cytoplasm
Mitosis (M) Phase
Phase that includes both mitosis and cytokinesis, shortest part
Interphase
Accounts for 90% of the time in cell cycle can be divided in three sub phases
G1 phases
Continues to grow as its copies it chromosome
S Phase
Grows completely as it completes preparation for cell division
G2
Divides
Aster
A radial array of short microtubles that extend from each centrosome
Centrosome
A region that contains the functions that controls the microtubules
Kinetochore
A structure made of proteins that have assembled on specific stations of chromosomes at the centromere
Cleavage Furrow
A shallow groove In the cells surface near the old metaphase plate
Cell plate
Piece that grows between two dividing plant cells
Binary fission
Asexual reproduction
Cell cycle control system
A series of an operating set of molecules that both triggers and coordinates key event in cell cycle
Checkpoint
A point where stop and go signal can regulate the cycle
G0 Phase
A non-dividing stage where the cell is sent after it doesn’t comply to the cell cycle
Growth factor
A protein that stimulates other cells to grow
Benign tumor
No cancer tumor
Malignant tumor
Tumor with cancer cells in it and can impair functions of different cells
Metastasis
Spread of cancer cells from one part of Body to another
Heredity
Transmission of traits to one generation to the next
variation
Looking different from one another
Locus
Gene specific location along length of a chromosomes
Clone
Genetically identical copy
Sexual Reproduction
When two parent raise and give birth to a child
Karyotype
A order display of chromosome
Homologous chromosomes
A pair of chromosomes that control the same trait
Sex chromosomes
The x and Y chromosomes
Autosomal
Other chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
Diploid
Any cells with two sets of chromosomes
Haploid
A cell with one set of chromosome ex. 23
Fertilization
When a egg meets a sperm and combine resulting in a fertilized egg
Zygote
The fertilized cell
Meiosis
A sort of cell division that results in 4, 23 chromosomes cells
Alternation of Generations
Had multicellular haploid and diploid stages
Recombinant chromosomes
Individual chromosomes that carry genes from two differnt parents
