Chapter 17- Viruses Flashcards
Capsid
Protein shell encasing the viral genome
Virus
A infectious particle consisting of little more than genes packaged in a protein coat
Viral envelopes
An accessory structure that helps them infect their hosts, ex. A membranous surrounds the capsids of influenza viruses
Phages
Virus that infect bacteria and are among many of the most complex capsids
Host range
A range of host cells the virus can infect cells of
Lytic Cycle
A phage replication cycle the culminates in the death of the host cell, refers to last stage when cell breaks open
Virulent Phage
A phage that replicates only by Lytic cycle
Restriction Enzymes
When phage DNA enters a bacteria the DNA is identified as foreign an these cut them up
Lysogenic cycle
Allows replication of the host cell without killing with the virus in it
Temperate Phages
Able to reproduce using both cycles
Prophage
A viral DNA integrated into the bacterial chromosome
Retrovirus
Viruses equipped with enzymes that transcribe an RNA template into into DNA, providing an RNA to DNA information flow
Reverse transcriptase
Turns RNA into DNA
HIV
A retrovirus that causes aids
Provirus
A viral genome that is permanently inserted into a host gene
