Chapter 13- Molecular basis of inheritance

Question 0

Trasnformation

Answer 0

A change in genotype and phenotype due to the assimilation of external DNA

Question 1

DNA Replication

Answer 1

when DNA is copied using RNA

Question 2

Phages

Answer 2

Viruses that infect bacteria

Question 3

virus

Answer 3

DNA enclosed by a protective coat if protein

Question 4

Double Helix

Answer 4

the Shape that is defined as the shape of DNA

Question 5

Antiparallel

Answer 5

when the subunits of DNA run in opposite directions

Question 6

semiconservative Model

Answer 6

model of replication in which the the strands split and each of the replicate DNA have a strand of the parent

Question 7

origins of Replicaiton

Answer 7

short stretches of DNA having a specific sequence of nucleotides, proteins find this sequence and attach to start replication

Question 8

replication fork

Answer 8

y shaped region of DNA that are being unwound by proteins

Question 9

helicases

Answer 9

enzymes that untwist the two parental strands and make them available as parental strands

Question 10

single strand binding proteins

Answer 10

attach to unpaired DNA strands and keep them from unpairing

Question 11

topoisomerase

Answer 11

goes ahead of the helicase and relieves stress in the strands

Question 12

primer

Answer 12

initial nucleotide chain producing during DNA synthesis

Question 13

DNA Polymerases

Answer 13

Catalyze the synthesis of new DNA by adding nucleotides to a preexisting chains

Question 14

primase

Answer 14

enzyme that synthesizes primer

Question 15

Okazaki Fragments

Answer 15

series of segments of lagging strand, and are synthesized discontinuously, about 1000-2000

Question 16

DNA Ligase

Answer 16

Joining the sugar-phosphate backbones of the Okazaki fragments

Question 17

Mismatch repair

Answer 17

enzymes remove and replace incorrect nucleotides

Question 18

Nuclease

Answer 18

The enzyme that cut outs the mismatched nucleotides of DNA

Question 19

Nucleotide excision repair

Answer 19

A method of replacing wrong nucleotides by using DNA Polymerase and DNA Ligase

Question 20

Telomerase

Answer 20

Catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells, restoring orginal length

Question 21

Nucleiod

Answer 21

The area where DNA is stored in prokaryotic cells, not surrounded by a membrane

Question 22

Chromatin

Answer 22

The protein that DNA wraps its self around when it coils up

Question 23

Heterochromatin

Answer 23

Interphase chromatin, visible by light microscope as irregular clumps

Question 24

Euchromatin

Answer 24

Less compacted and more dispersed

Question 25

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Answer 25

The base pairing of one strand of a nuclei acid to a complementary sequence of a another strand

Question 26

Genetic Engineering

Answer 26

Direct manipulation of genes for practical purposes

Question 27

Plasmid

Answer 27

Small circular DNA molecules that replicate separately from the bacterial chromosome

Question 28

Recombinant DNA

Answer 28

When two different DNA sources are combined in vitro

Question 29

Gene cloning

Answer 29

Production of multiple copies of the same gene

Question 30

Restriction enzymes

Answer 30

Cut DNA at specific locations

Question 31

Restriction Site

Answer 31

Point where the restriction enzyme is put in use and cuts the DNA

Question 32

Restriction Fragment

Answer 32

The result of the cutting of the DNA by restriction enzymes

Question 33

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 33

To see restriction fragment this technique separates by lengthy

Question 34

Cloning Vector

Answer 34

A DNA molecule that can carry DNA into a host cell and replicate there