Chapter 6- Enzymes Flashcards
Metabolic Pathway
A specific molecule is altered in a series of defined steps, resulting in a product
Metabolism
Totality of a organism’s chemical reaction, also a emergent property
Catabolic Pathway
A metabolic pathway that releases energy, by breaking down complex molecules into simpler ones
Anabolic pathway
A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to create complex molecules from simpler ones
Bioenergetics
The study of how energy flow through an organism
Energy
The capacity to cause change or do work
Kinetic energy
The energy associated with the relative motion of objects
Thermal energy
Random movement of atoms or molecules in an object
Heat
The transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another
Potential energy
The energy something possess because of it location or structure
Chemical energy
Energy available for release in a chemical reaction
Thermodynamics
Study of energy transformations that occur in a collection of matter
1st Law of Thermodynamics
The energy of the Universe is constant: Energy can be transferred and transformed but it can not be created or destroyed
Entropy
The measure of disorder or randomness
Second law of Thermodynamics
Every energy transfer increases the entropy of the universe
Spontaneous Process
A process that can occur without an input of energy
Free Energy
The portion of a systems energy that can perform work when the temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system, like a living cell
Exergonic reaction
Process with a net release of energy
Endergonic Reaction
A reaction that absorbs energy from its surrounding
Phoshorylated Intermediate
A reactant with phosphate attached to it
Activation energy
The energy needed to start a reaction, or to push a reactants uphill to start
Enzyme
A protein that speeds up the reaction of something like a catalyst
Catalyst
A chemical agent that speeds up a reaction without being consumed by a reaction
Substrate
The reactant of an enzyme
Enzyme-substrate Complex
The period when an enzyme and the substrate are attached to each other
Induced Fit
When an enzyme changes the shape of it active site causing a snugger fit
Cofactors
Nonprotein helpers attached to the enzyme that help speed up the catalytic process, either attach tightly and permeant or loosely and replaceable
Coenzyme
An Organic molecule that attaches to the enzyme and speeds up catalytic process
Competitive Inhibitors
A molecule that attempts to attach to the active site of an enzyme and block substrates from getting in
Noncompetitive Inhibitors
A inhibitor attached to a point on the enzyme that is not the active site but still inhibits the rate of catalysis
feedback inhibition
When the product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the process by attaching to the enzyme
Energy coupling
Use of a exergonic process to start a endergonic
ATP
Adenosine Triphosphate
