Chapter 14- Gene Expression

Question 0

Transcription

Answer 0

Synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA

Question 1

Gene Express

Answer 1

The process in which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins

Question 2

mRNA

Answer 2

Strand of RNA that carries genetic message from DNA to protein synthesizing part of cell

Question 3

Translation

Answer 3

Synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in mRNA

Question 4

Ribosome

Answer 4

Complex of particles that facilitate the orderly linking of amino acids to polypeptide chains

Question 5

Primary Transcipt

Answer 5

The initial part of RNA that is not translated into a protein

Question 6

Triplet Code

Answer 6

Genetic instruction for a polypeptide chai written in three nucleotide words

Question 7

Template strands

Answer 7

Provides pattern or template for the sequence of nucleotides in a RNA transcript

Question 8

Codon

Answer 8

mRNA nucleotide triplet

Question 9

Reading frame

Answer 9

The triplet grouping of ribonucleotides used by translation machinery

Question 10

RNA polymerase

Answer 10

Pries apart the stand of DNA and makes RNA form free floating nucleotides, complementary to DNA

Question 11

Promoter

Answer 11

DNA sequence where RNA polymerase attaches and begins its thing

Question 12

Terminator

Answer 12

The part of RNA that ends the transcription

Question 13

Transcription unit

Answer 13

Stretch of DNA that is transcribed into a RNA molecule

Question 14

Transcription factors

Answer 14

Collection of proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase and initiation of transcription

Question 15

Transcription initiation complex

Answer 15

Complex of RNA polymerase and transcription factors bound the promoter

Question 16

TATA box

Answer 16

In forming the initiation at complex at a eukaryotic promoter

Question 17

Poly-A tail

Answer 17

At the 3’ end, an enzyme adds 50-250 adds adenine nucleotides

Question 18

RNA processing

Answer 18

Both ends of primary transcripts are altered by enzymes in Eukaryotes before the genetic messages are dispatch to the cytoplasm

Question 19

5’ cap

Answer 19

A modified form of guanine nucleotide added I tot the 5’ end after transcription of first 20-49 nucleotides

Question 20

RNA splicing

Answer 20

A cut and paste job of a large removal of RNA molecules that is originally synthesized

Question 21

Introns

Answer 21

The noncoding segments of nucleic acid that lies between coding regions

Question 22

Exons

Answer 22

The coding regions of the DNA that is expressed

Question 23

Alternative RNA Splicing

Answer 23

Genes that give rise to two or more different polypeptide depending on which segments are treated as exons during RNA processing

Question 24

Spliceosome

Answer 24

A large complex of proteins and small RNA that remove introns

Question 25

Ribozymes

Answer 25

RNA molecules that function as enzymes

Question 26

tRNA

Answer 26

The function of tRNA is to transfer amino acids from the cytoplasmic pool of amino acids

Question 27

Anticodon

Answer 27

The particular nucleotide triplet that base pairs to a specific mRNA codon

Question 28

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases

Answer 28

The correct matching up if tRNA and amino acids is carried out ha family of related enzymes

Question 29

Wobble

Answer 29

Flexible base pairing at the 5’ end of tRNA anticodon can pair with either a or g at the Thrid position

Question 30

rRNA

Answer 30

What the anti codons are made out of

Question 31

P site

Answer 31

Where the amino acid binds to polypeptide

Question 32

A site

Answer 32

Point where the tRNA is added

Question 33

E site

Answer 33

Exit site

Question 34

Signal peptide

Answer 34

The polypeptides of proteins that are destined for the endomembrane

Question 35

Signal recognition particle

Answer 35

Functions as an escort that brings ribosome to receptor in er membrane

Question 36

Point mutations

Answer 36

Change in a single nucleotide pair of gene

Question 37

Nucleotide pair substitution

Answer 37

Replacement of one nucleotide and its partner

Question 38

Silent mutations

Answer 38

No effect on the phenotype

Question 39

Missesne mutations

Answer 39

Change one amino acid to another and have little effects on the protein

Question 40

Nonsense mutations

Answer 40

Causes translations to be canceled and stops the polypeptide and make the

Question 41

Insertions

Answer 41

Addition of nucleotide

Question 42

Deletion

Answer 42

Loss of nucleotide

Question 43

Frame shift mutation

Answer 43

When the points where the codon are placed are moved

Question 44

Mutagen

Answer 44

Interact with DNA and cause mutations