Chapter 7- Cell Respiration Flashcards
Aerobic Respiration
Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along the with the organic fuel
Fermentation
A partial degradation of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of Oxygen
Cellular Respiration
Includes both aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration
Redox Reaction
A chemical reaction where there is a transfer of electrons
Oxidation
The taking away of an electron from substance
Reduction
The gain of an electron in a substance
NAD
An electron carrier and a coenzyme that help in cellular respiration
Reducing agent
The electron donor in a redox reaction
Oxidizing Agent
The electron acceptor in a redox reaction
Electron Transport Chain
A sequence of electron carrier molecules that shuttles electrons down a series do redox reaction that realize energy to make ATP
Glycolysis
A process where glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules
Citric Acid Cycle
The breakdown of glucose is completed here and also called krebs cycle
Oxidative Phoshorylation
ATP derived from energy from redox reaction from etc
Substrait Level Phosphorylation
The enzyme catalyzed phosphorylation of ATP by direct transfer of a phosphate group to ADP
Acetyl CoA
Entry compound for Kreb cycle
Cytochrome
Iron containing protein that is a compound of the electron transport chain in prokaryotic cells
ATP Synthase
A complex of proteins near the etc that helps build ATP with the travel of H+ ions through it
Chemiosmosis
The process in which energy is stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient used to drive cellular work
Proton Motor Force
Potential energy generated by pumping H+ ions across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis
Alcohol Fermentation
Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps
Latic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form Lactic Acid, with no net release in CO2
Obligate Anaerobes
Carry out only fermentation and anaerobic respiration
Facultative Anaerobes
Carry out only aerobic respiration and only make as much ATP as they need
Beta-oxidation
Breaks down fatty acids into two carbon fragments which enter Krebs cycle
