Chapter 16- Development, Cancer, And Stem Cells

Question 0

Differentiation

Answer 0

The process in which cells become specialized in structure and function

Question 1

Model organism

Answer 1

Species that are easy to raise in a lab such as a fruit fly

Question 2

Morphogenesis

Answer 2

Development of the form of an organism and its structure

Question 3

Cytoplasmic determinants

Answer 3

Maternal substances in the egg that influence the course of early devolpment

Question 4

Induction

Answer 4

A process where a embryonic cell signals another embryonic cell via cell surfaced receptors

Question 5

Determination

Answer 5

The unseen event that leads to the observable differentiation of a cell

Question 6

Apoptosis

Answer 6

Programmed cell death

Question 7

Pattern formation

Answer 7

The development of a spatial organization in which the tissues and organs of an organism are in their characteristic places

Question 8

Positional information

Answer 8

The molecular cues that control pattern formation are

Question 9

Homeotic genes

Answer 9

Control pattern formation in the late embryo larva and adult

Question 10

Embryonic lethals

Answer 10

Mutations with phenotypical changes that cause death in the embryo stage or the larva stage

Question 11

Maternal Effect Gene

Answer 11

Genes determined by the mother that control the cytoplasmic determinants, and when mutant in mother always cause dead babies

Question 12

Egg polarity genes

Answer 12

Like maternal effect genes but these control the position of the axis, also mutant cause dead babies

Question 13

Bicoid

Answer 13

A gene that determines where the front half of the body will be and if absent the babies will have two butts

Question 14

Morphogens

Answer 14

Substance that cause mutations in the LOOK UO DEF.

Question 15

Totipotent

Answer 15

A cell with the potential to dedifferentiate and give rise to all specialized cells in organism

Question 16

Stem Cell

Answer 16

Is a relatively unspecialized cell that can reproduce itself indefinitely under special conditions and give rise to all specialized cells of organism

Question 17

Pluripotent

Answer 17

Able to turn into all specialized cell types

Question 18

Oncogenes

Answer 18

Cancer causing genes found in some viruses

Question 19

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 19

Code for proteins that cause late normal cell growth and division, found in organisms’ genome

Question 20

Tumor-suppressor genes

Answer 20

Encode for proteins that protect against uncontrolled cell growth

Question 21

Ras gene

Answer 21

Encodes the ras protein which is a G protein and relays a signal from a growth factor receptor and to protein kinases

Question 22

P53 gene

Answer 22

Is a tumor suppressor gene that codes for a protein that promotes synthesis of cell cycle blocking proteins