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Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 9/10 > Flashcards

Chapter 9/10 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the purpose of the ear?

A

The ear as a transducer that changes acoustic energy into electrochemical energy (sound-mechanical-electrical)

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2
Q

Pinna

A

A collector of sound energy, cartilage, covered with epithelial tissue with fine hair, helps with localization, resonating cavity, funnels sound into ME

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3
Q

Concha

A

Deepest depression

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4
Q

Helix

A

Rim-like ridge surrounding pinna

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5
Q

Antihelix

A

Runs inside the helix

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6
Q

Tragus

A

cartilage on anterior wall

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7
Q

Antitragus

A

Opposite of the tragus, bottom ridge on concha

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8
Q

External Auditory Meatus (Ear Canal)

A

7 mm diameter, 2.5 cm length, resonating cavity, lateral 1/3 cartilage, medial 2/3 bon meatus, s shaped, lined with hair in outer 1/3, secretes cerumen

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9
Q

Tympanic membrane

A

Eardrum, sits with a tilt, 3 layers (epithlial, fibrus, mucous), separates OE from ME, can see the beginning of the ossicles

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10
Q

What is acoustic energy?

A

The disturbance of energy which passes through a material in the form of waves (through any medium)

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11
Q

What happens in the ossicles?

A

The acoustic energy is transferred into mechanical energy

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12
Q

What are the most important muscles in the ME?

A

Tensor Tympani Muscle, Stapedius muscle

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13
Q

Malleus

A

largest, attaches to Tm

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14
Q

Incus

A

connects malleus and stapes, saddle joint

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15
Q

Stapes

A

connects the oval window, smallest

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the ossicular chain?

A

To transmit acoustic energy across the bones from the TM to the inner ear

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17
Q

Is the ME filed with air?

A

Yes

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18
Q

What is the ME function?

A

To increase the pressure appreaching the cochlear (impedence)/match the impedence of the 2 systems (OE and cochlea)

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19
Q

Impedance

A

Overcoming resistance to flow of energy

20
Q

How does the ME overcome impedence?

A

Total area from TM to OW is a 25 db gain–> lever action is 2 db and bucking is 4-6 db

21
Q

What is mechanical energy?

A

The energy of an object due to its motion or position (sum of kinetic and potential energy)

22
Q

What is the purpose of the IE?

A

Sensor for balance and hearing

23
Q

Balance

A

Vestibular

24
Q

Hearing

A

Cochlear

25
Q

The bony labyrinth

A

vestibue, ssc, cochlea

26
Q

What is the outer bony labyrinth lined with ?

A

perioseum

27
Q

Wha is the function of the vestibular system?

A

It gives us an idea of where we are in space. When the head turns, fluid in one or more ssc ducts pushes against the cupula and bends the cilia of the hair cells- fluid in the corresponding ssc on the opposite side moves in the opposite direction

28
Q

Periosteum

A

A complex structure composed on an outer fibrous layer that lends structural integrity and inner cambium later that possess osteogenic potential

29
Q

Basilar Membrane

A

extra cellular matrix that lines the basal side of epithelial and endothelia tissues- it produces physical and biochemical cues to the cells (it is made of basal lamina and reticular lamina)

30
Q

Vestibular membrane

A

membrane inside the cochlea of the inner ear and it separates the cochlear duct from the vestibular duct (dividing wall)

31
Q

Where does fluid of the IE come from?

A

Perilymphtic fluid is secreted by the epithelial lining of the bony labryinth

32
Q

Is the cochlear filled with fluid?

A

yes

33
Q

IE (cochlea) function

A

the cochlea is specifically designed to sort out the frequency components of an incoming signal, determine amplitude, and identify basic temporal aspects of that signal. The BM carries the traveling sound wave which the movement of the hair cells is creating

34
Q

How do the waves work?

A

Different frequencies reach their peak as different positions along the membrane (base= high apex=low)

35
Q

What is the vestibulocochlear nerve? (VIII)

A
  1. Vestibular branch- carries info from receptors in the IE responsible for equilibrium
  2. Cochlear branch- carries info from receptors in the cochlea responsible for hearing
36
Q

Where is the signal initialy registered?

A

In the brainstem (pons and medulla)

37
Q

Otitis Media

A

Fluid in ME, Eustachian tube not draining, ME bones are anaerobic (without air), pressure is not equalized (negative)

38
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Inflammation/infection of the mastoid bone (could lead to deafness, infection in the brain, or death), bacteria is coming from the eustachian tube

39
Q

Otitis Externa

A

Inflammation of the skin of the external ear, swelling, swimmers ear, facial paralysis bc the root of the nerve is close to the inner ear, hearing loss

40
Q

Other pathologies

A

OM, OE, congenial issues, traumatic lesions, neoplastic changes, tumors, bone changes, ssc dehiscence

41
Q

Tympanometry

A

Impedance of the ME

42
Q

High Resolution MRI

A

Structural Architechture

43
Q

Clinical Audiometry

A

Behavioral Assessment of hearing/screenings

44
Q

Evoked Auditory Brainstem response

A

integrity of the early stages of the auditory pathway

45
Q

Electrocochleography

A

integrity of the auditory pathway

46
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

A

auditory cortical functioning

47
Q

Otoacoustic Emissions Testing

A

tones into the ear, reflections from the cochlea/health of hair cells

Anatomy & Phys (11 decks)

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